Decorators with parameters in Python

Python functions are first class citizens, which means that functions can be treated as objects.

• A function can be assigned to a variable, i.e. they can be referenced.
• A function can be passed as an argument to another function.
• A function can be returned from a function.

Decorators with parameters are similar to regular decorators.

Syntax for decorators with parameters

 @decorator (params) def func_name (): ’’ ’Function implementation’’, 

The above code is equivalent

 def func_name (): ’’ ’Function implementation’’, func_name = (decorator (params)) (func_name) "" "

Since execution starts from left to right, the decorator (params) is called which returns the function object fun_obj . Using fun_obj, fun_obj (fun_name) . Inside the inner function, the necessary operations are performed and the actual reference to the function is returned, which will be assigned to func_name . Now func_name () can be used to call the function with applied m to it with a decorator.

The above code can be rendered step by step here

How Decorator is implemented with parameters

def decorators ( * args, * * kwargs): def inner (func): "" "   do operations with func   " ""   return func   return inner # this is the fun_obj mentioned in the above content   @ decorators ( params) def func (): "" "   function implementation "" "

Here parameters can also be empty. 
The above code can be rendered step by step here

example

# Python code for illustration # Decorators with parameters in Python   def decorator ( * args, * * kwargs):   print ( "Inside decorator" ) def inner (func):   print ( " Inside inner function " ) print ( "I like" , kwargs [ ’ like’ ])  return func return inner   @ decorator (like = "pythonengineering" ) def func (): print ( "Inside actual function" )   func ()

Exit

 Inside decorator Inside inner function I like pythonengineering Inside actual function 

This example also tells us that the parameters of an outer function can be accessed using a nested inner function.

1. Inside the decorator

2. Inside the function

The above example can be rendered step by step here . 
Note. Snapshots of images are taken with PythonTutor.