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Syntax :
dir ({object}) Parameters :
object [optional] : Takes object name
Returns:
dir () tries to return a valid list of attributes of the object it is called upon. Also, dir () function behaves rather differently with different type of objects, as it aims to produce the most relevant one, rather than the complete information.
- For Class Objects, it returns a list of names of all the valid attributes and base attributes as well.
- For Modules / Library objects, it tries to return a list of names of all the attributes, contained in that module.
- If no parameters are passed it returns a list of names in the current local scope.
Code # 1: with and without importing external libraries.
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Exit:
[’__builtins__’,’ __cached__’, ’__doc__’,’ __file__’, ’__loader__’,’ __name__’, ’__package__’,’ __spec__’] [ ’__builti ns__’, ’__cached__’,’ __doc__’, ’__file__’,’ __loader__’, ’__name__’,’ __package__’, ’__spec__’,’ math’, ’random’]
Code # 2:
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Output:
The contents of random library are :: [’BPF’,’ LOG4’, ’NV_MAGICCONST’,’ RECIP_BPF’, ’Random’,’ SG_MAGICCONST’, ’SystemRandom’, ’TWOPI’,’ _BuiltinMethodType’, ’_MethodType’,’ _Sequence’, ’_Set’,’ __all__’, ’__builtins__’,’ __cached__’, ’__doc__’,’ __file__’, ’__loader__’,’ __name__age__age ’,’ __spec__’, ’_acos’,’ _ceil’, ’_cos’,’ _e’, ’_exp’,’ _inst’, ’_log’,’ _pi’, ’_random’,’ _sha512’, ’_sin’, ’_sqrt’,’ _test’, ’_test_generator’,’ _urandom’, ’_warn’,’ betavariate’, ’choice’,’ expovariate’, ’gammavariate’,’ gauss’, ’getrandbits’,’ getstate’, ’lognormvariate ’,’ normalvariate’, ’paretovariate’,’ randint’, ’random’,’ randrange’, ’samp le’, ’seed’,’ setstate’, ’shuffle’,’ triangular’, ’uniform’,’ vonmisesvariate’, ’weibullvariate’]
Code # 3: Object passed as parameters.
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Output:
[’__add__’,’ __class__’, ’__contains__’,’ __delattr__’, ’__delitem__’,’ __dir__’, ’__doc__’,’ __eq__’, ’__format__’,’ __ge__’, ’__getattribute__’,’ __getitem__’, ’__gt__’,’ __hash__’, ’__iadd__’,’ __imul__’, ’__init__’,’ __iter__’, ’__le__’,’ __len__’, ’__lt__’,’ __mul__’, ’__lt__’ ’,’ __new__’, ’__reduce__’,’ __reduce_ex__’, ’__repr__’,’ __reversed__’, ’__rmul__’,’ __setattr__’, ’__setitem__’,’ __sizeof__’, ’__’str__’,’ __subclassho, ’__subclassho ’clear’,’ copy’, ’count’,’ extend’, ’index’,’ insert’, ’pop’,’ remove’, ’reverse’,’ sort’] [’__class__’,’ __contains__’, ’ __delattr__’, ’__delitem__’,’ __dir__’, ’__doc__’,’ __eq__’, ’__format__’, ’__ge__’,’ __getattribute__’, ’__getitem__’,’ __gt__’, ’__hash__’,’ __init__’, ’__iter__’,’ __le__’, ’__len__’,’ __lt__’, ’__ne__’,’ __new__’, ’__reduce ’,’ __reduce_ex__’, ’__repr__’,’ __setattr__’, ’__setitem__’,’ __sizeof__’, ’__str__’,’ __subclasshook__’, ’clear’,’ copy’, ’fromkeys’,’ get’, ’items’, ’keys’,’ pop’, ’popitem’,’ setdefault’, ’update’,’ values’]
Code # 4: User defined — A class object with an available __dir () __ method is passed as a parameter.
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Output:
[’customer_name’ , ’date’,’ price’, ’product’,’ quantity’]
Applications:
- Dir () has its own set of uses. It is typically used for debugging in simple day-to-day programs and even in large projects run by a development team. The dir () ability to list all the attributes of a passed parameter is really useful when handling a large number of classes and functions separately.
- The dir () function can also list all the available attributes for a module / list / dictionary. Thus, it also gives us information about the operations we can perform on an available list or module, which can be very useful when there is little information about the module. It also helps you learn new modules faster.
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Python | dir () function __del__: Questions
How can I make a time delay in Python?
5 answers
I would like to know how to put a time delay in a Python script.
Answer #1
import time
time.sleep(5) # Delays for 5 seconds. You can also use a float value.
Here is another example where something is run approximately once a minute:
import time
while True:
print("This prints once a minute.")
time.sleep(60) # Delay for 1 minute (60 seconds).
Answer #2
You can use the sleep() function in the time module. It can take a float argument for sub-second resolution.
from time import sleep
sleep(0.1) # Time in seconds
Python | dir () function __del__: Questions
How to delete a file or folder in Python?
5 answers
How do I delete a file or folder in Python?
Answer #1
os.remove()removes a file.os.rmdir()removes an empty directory.shutil.rmtree()deletes a directory and all its contents.
Path objects from the Python 3.4+ pathlib module also expose these instance methods:
pathlib.Path.unlink()removes a file or symbolic link.pathlib.Path.rmdir()removes an empty directory.
We hope this article has helped you to resolve the problem. Apart from Python | dir () function, check other __del__-related topics.
Want to excel in Python? See our review of the best Python online courses 2023. If you are interested in Data Science, check also how to learn programming in R.
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Abu Dhabi | 2023-03-22
Simply put and clear. Thank you for sharing. Python | dir () function and other issues with pty Python module was always my weak point 😁. I just hope that will not emerge anymore
Shanghai | 2023-03-22
sep is always a bit confusing 😭 Python | dir () function is not the only problem I encountered. I just hope that will not emerge anymore
New York | 2023-03-22
enum Python module is always a bit confusing 😭 Python | dir () function is not the only problem I encountered. I am just not quite sure it is the best method
