–§–∞–π–ª __init__.py —É–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã –≤ –ø–∞–ø–∫–µ —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è —á–∞—Å—Ç—å—é –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∞ Python. –ë–µ–∑ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ __init__.py –≤—ã –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã –∏–∑ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–≥–æ –∫–∞—Ç–∞–ª–æ–≥–∞ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–µ–∫—Ç–µ Python.
–ü—Ä–∏ –ø—Ä–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–æ–≤ –ø—Ä–æ–µ–∫—Ç–æ–≤ Python –≤—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ—Ç —Ñ–∞–π–ª, __init__ .py. –í—ã, –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ, –∑–∞–¥–∞–≤–∞–ª–∏—Å—å –≤–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–æ –±—ã–ª–æ, –ø–æ—á–µ–º—É –æ–Ω–æ —Ç–∞–º, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –æ–Ω–æ –ø—É—Å—Ç–æ–µ, –∏ –∫–∞–∫ –æ–Ω–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –ø–æ—Å—Ç –æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç–∏—Ç –Ω–∞ –≤—Å–µ —ç—Ç–∏ –≤–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å—ã!
–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç—É—Ä—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç __init__.py:
–û—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–∞—è –ø–∞–ø–∫–∞ - —ç—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—à –∫–∞—Ç–∞–ª–æ–≥ Python, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –æ–±—Ä–∞–±–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ —Ç–∞–∫, –∫–∞–∫ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –±—ã —ç—Ç–æ –±—ã–ª –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç Python. –ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –Ω–∞—Å —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–∞—Ç—Ä–∏–≤–∞–ª–∏ –∫–∞–∫ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–≤—ã–µ, –º—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç—å —Ñ–∞–π–ª __init__.py, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç—É –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é –∏–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–ø—Ä–µ—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—Ä—É Python.
–û—Å—Ç–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã - —ç—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã Python, –∫–∞–∂–¥—ã–π –∏–∑ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–∞—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –≤ –Ω–µ–º, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—É—é –º—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –≤ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–º –º–µ—Å—Ç–µ. –≠—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å, —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è –∏ —Ç. –î.
main.py - —ç—Ç–æ —Ç–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ, –≥–¥–µ –º—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º—ã —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∏ –≤ main_package. –í—ã —É–≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, –∫–∞–∫ —ç—Ç–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –º–∏–Ω—É—Ç—É, –Ω–æ —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –¥–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –≤–∑–≥–ª—è–Ω–µ–º –Ω–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª __init__.py.
–ß—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ __init__.py?
–§–∞–π–ª __init__.py –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –∏–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–ø—Ä–µ—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—Ä—É Python —É–∑–Ω–∞—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –∫–∞—Ç–∞–ª–æ–≥ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∫–æ–¥ –¥–ª—è –º–æ–¥—É–ª—è Python . –§–∞–π–ª __init__.py –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –ø—É—Å—Ç—ã–º. –ë–µ–∑ –Ω–µ–≥–æ –≤—ã –Ω–µ —Å–º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –º–æ–¥—É–ª–∏ –∏–∑ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π –ø–∞–ø–∫–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–µ–∫—Ç.
–†–æ–ª—å —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ __init__.py –∞–Ω–∞–ª–æ–≥–∏—á–Ω–∞ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ __init__ –≤ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–µ Python. –§–∞–π–ª, –ø–æ —Å—É—Ç–∏, —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫–æ–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º –≤–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –∫–∞—Ç–∞–ª–æ–≥–∞, –Ω–æ –Ω–µ –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ç–∞–∫–æ–≤—ã–º. –û–Ω —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç, –∫–∞–∫ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç—ã –∏–ª–∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –±—É–¥—É—Ç –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω—ã –≤ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–µ –≤–∞—à–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã.
81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –≤ —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏—Ö —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª–∏—Å—Ç–∞—Ö –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫—É—Ä—Å–∞. –ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.
–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ —Å–º–µ–Ω—É –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—ã, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.
–í –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–µ–π—à–µ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ __init__.py - –ø—É—Å—Ç–æ–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª. –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ –æ–Ω —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞, –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –∫ –Ω–∏–º –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –≤ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–º –º–µ—Å—Ç–µ. –≠—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —Ç—Ä–µ–º—è –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–º–∏ —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–∞–º–∏:
1. main_package / __ init__.py –∏ —è–≤–Ω—ã–π –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç:
–ú—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç –¥–ª—è –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–≥–æ –∏–∑ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤ –≤ __init__.py. –í–Ω—É—Ç—Ä–∏ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥—è—Ç—Å—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏, —É–Ω–∏–∫–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ –¥–ª—è –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–≥–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞.
–í main.py —Ç–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ —ç—Ç–∏–º —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è–º, —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–≤ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞ –≤ –≤–µ—Ä—Ö–Ω–µ–π —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é —è–≤–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä—ã –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞:
–û–Ω —Å–æ–æ–±—â–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–º, –∫–∞–∫–∏–µ –∏–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –º–æ–¥—É–ª–∏ –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º –≤–Ω–µ main_package.
2. main_package / __ init__ .py –∏ —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–Ω—ã–π –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç:
–ï–¥–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–∏–µ –º–µ–∂–¥—É —ç—Ç–∏–º –∏ –ø—Ä–µ–¥—ã–¥—É—â–∏–º –≤ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã–π –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Ç–æ, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ (file_1, file_2, file_3) . –î—Ä—É–≥–æ–π –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å & ndash; –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º —Ç–æ—á–µ—á–Ω—É—é –Ω–æ—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—é –¥–ª—è –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞ –∫ –∏–º–µ–Ω–∞–º —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–π.
3. main_package / __ init__.py –∏ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç —Å –ø–æ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–æ—á–Ω—ã–º–∏ –∑–Ω–∞–∫–∞–º–∏:
–í __init__.py —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω—É—é __all__ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª–µ–π / —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤ –≤ —É–ø–∞–∫–æ–≤–∫–∞. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ–º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –∏–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–ø—Ä–µ—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—Ä—É –≤—ã—è—Å–Ω–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç —É—á–∏—Ç—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞ —Å –ø–æ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–æ—á–Ω—ã–º–∏ –∑–Ω–∞–∫–∞–º–∏ –≤ main.py. –û–±—Ä–∞—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –≤–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ, —á—Ç–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è all –æ–∫—Ä—É–∂–µ–Ω–∞ –¥–≤—É–º—è —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–∞–º–∏ –ø–æ–¥—á–µ—Ä–∫–∏–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è —Å –æ–±–µ–∏—Ö —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω.
–í main.py –º—ã –±—É–¥–µ–º –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –æ–±—â–∏–π –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞ –∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ç–æ—á–µ—á–Ω—É—é –Ω–æ—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—é –¥–ª—è –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞ –∫ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏:
–ü–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è all —Å–ª—É–∂–∏—Ç –¥–ª—è —É–∫–∞–∑–∞–Ω–∏—è –ø–æ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–æ—á–Ω–æ–º—É –∑–Ω–∞–∫—É *, –∫–∞–∫–∏–µ –º–æ–¥—É–ª–∏ / —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –±—ã—Ç—å –≤–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω—ã –≤ —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç. –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º—ã —á–∏—Ç–∞–µ–º –∏–∑ main_package import *, –º—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã —Ñ–∞–∫—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ –≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ –∫–∞–∫ from main_package import file1, file2, file3. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º —Ç–æ—á–µ—á–Ω—É—é –Ω–æ—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—é –¥–ª—è –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞ –∫ –∏–º–µ–Ω–∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏, –∫–∞–∫ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç—å –≤—ã—à–µ.