Python TypeError: строковый индекс вне допустимого диапазона Решение
Функции и методы Python
Michael Zippo
27.11.2021
–ö–∞–∫ –∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏, —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ Python –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç—Å—è . –≠—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–∫–æ–≤—ã–π –Ω–æ–º–µ—Ä, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞ –∫ —ç—Ç–æ–º—É –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—é. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –ø–æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—é –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ—Ç –≤ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ, –≤—ã —Å—Ç–æ–ª–∫–Ω–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å —Å –æ—à–∏–±–∫–æ–π " TypeError: –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –≤–Ω–µ –¥–∏–∞–ø–∞–∑–æ–Ω–∞ " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞.
–í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ –º—ã –æ–±—Å—É–¥–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–∞ –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ –∏ –ø–æ—á–µ–º—É –æ–Ω–∞ –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞–µ—Ç. –ú—ã —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —ç—Ç–æ–π –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∏ –≤ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏–∏, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø–æ–º–æ—á—å –≤–∞–º –ø–æ–Ω—è—Ç—å, –∫–∞–∫ –µ–µ —Ä–µ—à–∏—Ç—å.
TypeError: –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –≤–Ω–µ –¥–æ–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º–æ–≥–æ –¥–∏–∞–ø–∞–∑–æ–Ω–∞
–í Python —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç—Å—è, –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—è —Å 0 . –í–∑–≥–ª—è–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫—É " Pineapple & rdquo ;:
P | i | n | e | a | p | p | l | e |
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" –ê–Ω–∞–Ω–∞—Å " —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –¥–µ–≤—è—Ç—å –±—É–∫–≤. –ü–æ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫—É —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç—Å—è —Å 0, –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω—è—è –±—É–∫–≤–∞ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–Ω—ã–π –Ω–æ–º–µ—Ä 8. –ü–µ—Ä–≤–∞—è –±—É–∫–≤–∞ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–Ω—ã–π –Ω–æ–º–µ—Ä 0.
–ï—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã –ø–æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞–µ–º—Å—è –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—É –≤ –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏ 9 –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ, –º—ã —Å—Ç–æ–ª–∫–Ω–µ–º—Å—è —Å –æ—à–∏–±–∫–æ–π. –≠—Ç–æ —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–æ —Å —Ç–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ Python –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —á–∏—Ç–∞—Ç—å –±—É–∫–≤—ã –≤ –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞ 9.
–û—à–∏–±–∫–∞ " TypeError: –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –≤–Ω–µ –¥–∏–∞–ø–∞–∑–æ–Ω–∞ " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ–±—ã—á–Ω—ã–º —è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –∑–∞–±—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç–µ —É—á–∏—Ç—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç—Å—è —Å –Ω—É–ª—è. –≠—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–æ –≤ —Ü–∏–∫–ª–∞—Ö for, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä range () . < / p>
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Å—Ü–µ–Ω–∞—Ä–∏—è: —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç—Å—è —Å 0
–í–∑–≥–ª—è–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç –≤—Å–µ –±—É–∫–≤—ã –≤ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ —Å –Ω–æ–≤–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏:
81 % —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –±—É—Ç–∫–µ–º–ø–∞ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ—É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π. –ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.
–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ —Å–º–µ–Ω—É –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—ã, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.
–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –∫–æ–¥–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è while loop –¥–ª—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–±–æ—Ä–∞ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π –±—É–∫–≤—ã –≤ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π " –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ & rdquo ;. –ö–∞–∂–¥—ã–π —Ä–∞–∑ –ø—Ä–∏ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–∏ —Ü–∏–∫–ª–∞ –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è " count " —É–≤–µ–ª–∏—á–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ 1. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–º –ø–µ—Ä–µ–π—Ç–∏ –∫ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–π –±—É–∫–≤–µ –ø—Ä–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω–∏–∏ —Ü–∏–∫–ª–∞.
–ü–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—å—Ç–µ " –≤—ã–∑–≤–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à—É —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é —Å –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–æ–º –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ —Ä–∞—Å–ø–µ—á–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –∫–∞–∂–¥—ã–π —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ. –ü–æ—Å–ª–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –∫–∞–∂–¥—ã–π —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª –Ω–∞–ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∞–Ω, –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞–µ—Ç –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—à —Ü–∏–∫–ª while –ø—Ä–æ–¥–æ–ª–∂–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–æ " count & rdquo ; –Ω–µ –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω –¥–ª–∏–Ω–µ " –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è & rdquo ;.
–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã —Ä–µ—à–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç—É –æ—à–∏–±–∫—É, –º—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã —É–±–µ–¥–∏—Ç—å—Å—è, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—à —Ü–∏–∫–ª while –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Ç–æ–≥–¥–∞, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ " count " –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ, —á–µ–º –¥–ª–∏–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏. –≠—Ç–æ —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–æ —Å —Ç–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç—Å—è —Å 0, –∞ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ len ()
–≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –ø–æ–ª–Ω—É—é –¥–ª–∏–Ω—É —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏. –ò—Ç–∞–∫, –¥–ª–∏–Ω–∞ " string " —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–æ 6. –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ –Ω–µ—Ç —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–∞ –≤ –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞ 6.
–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º –Ω–∞—à —Ü–∏–∫–ª while:
–≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Ü–∏–∫–ª –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å—Å—è, —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " count " –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ –¥–ª–∏–Ω—ã " –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è & rdquo ;.
–ó–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –∏ –ø–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω–æ!
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Å—Ü–µ–Ω–∞—Ä–∏—è: –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ —Ä–∞—Å—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏—è –•—ç–º–º–∏–Ω–≥–∞
–ó–¥–µ—Å—å –º—ã –ø–∏—à–µ–º –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª—è–µ—Ç —Ä–∞—Å—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–µ –•—ç–º–º–∏–Ω–≥–∞ –º–µ–∂–¥—É –¥–≤—É–º—è –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º–∏. –≠—Ç–æ –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç –Ω–∞–º, —Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–∏–π —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –º–µ–∂–¥—É –¥–≤—É–º—è —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞–º–∏.
–ù–∞—á–Ω–µ–º —Å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª—è–µ—Ç —Ä–∞—Å—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–µ –•—ç–º–º–∏–Ω–≥–∞:
–ù–∞—à–∞ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–∏–º–∞–µ—Ç –¥–≤–∞ –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞: a –∏ b. –≠—Ç–∏ –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–æ–≤—ã–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º —Å—Ä–∞–≤–Ω–∏—Ç—å.
–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–π —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º —Ü–∏–∫–ª for –¥–ª—è –ø—Ä–æ–π—Ç–∏—Å—å –ø–æ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–∏—Ö —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞—Ö, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —É–≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç—å, —Å–æ–≤–ø–∞–¥–∞—é—Ç –ª–∏ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª—ã –≤ —ç—Ç–æ–π –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –æ–Ω–∏ –Ω–µ —Å–æ–≤–ø–∞–¥–∞—é—Ç, " —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–∏—è " —Å—á–µ—Ç—á–∏–∫ —É–≤–µ–ª–∏—á–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –µ–¥–∏–Ω–∏—Ü—É.
–í—ã–∑–æ–≤–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—à—É —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é –∏ –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ–±—É–π—Ç–µ –µ–µ —Å –¥–≤—É–º—è —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞–º–∏:
–ó–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –∏ –ø–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ç–µ, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ " a " –∏ " b " –∏–º–µ—é—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—É—é –¥–ª–∏–Ω—É. " a " –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –Ω–∞ –æ–¥–∏–Ω —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ, —á–µ–º " b & rdquo ;. –≠—Ç–æ –∑–∞—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –Ω–∞—à —Ü–∏–∫–ª –ø—ã—Ç–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª –≤ " b " –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –¥–∞–∂–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –º—ã –ø—Ä–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–ª–∏ –≤—Å–µ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª—ã –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—è –≤ " b & rdquo ;.
–ú—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º —Ä–µ—à–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç—É –æ—à–∏–±–∫—É, —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏–≤ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à–∏—Ö —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫:
–ú—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ " if " –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—å, –∏–º–µ—é—Ç –ª–∏ –Ω–∞—à–∏ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –æ–¥–∏–Ω–∞–∫–æ–≤—É—é –¥–ª–∏–Ω—É. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –æ–Ω–∏ –µ—Å—Ç—å, –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å. –ï—Å–ª–∏ —ç—Ç–æ –Ω–µ —Ç–∞–∫, –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤—ã–≤–µ–¥–µ—Ç —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å, –∏ –Ω–∞—à–∞ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è –≤–µ—Ä–Ω–µ—Ç –Ω—É–ª–µ–≤–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ. –ó–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –µ—â–µ —Ä–∞–∑:
"–ö–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä–∞ –ö–∞—Ä–º–∞ –≤–æ—à–ª–∞ –≤ –º–æ—é –∂–∏–∑–Ω—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —è –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ –≤ –Ω–µ–π –Ω—É–∂–¥–∞–ª–∞—Å—å, –∏ –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–ª–∞ –º–Ω–µ –ø—Ä–æ–π—Ç–∏ –∫—É—Ä—Å –æ–±—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ß–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –¥–≤–∞ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –æ–∫–æ–Ω—á–∞–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±—ã —è –Ω–∞—à–µ–ª —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –º–µ—á—Ç—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∞ –º–æ–∏–º —Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º. –∏ —Ü–µ–ª–∏ –≤ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏! "
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –Ω–µ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –æ—à–∏–±–∫—É. –ü–æ–ø—Ä–æ–±—É–π—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—à –∞–ª–≥–æ—Ä–∏—Ç–º –Ω–∞ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞—Ö –æ–¥–∏–Ω–∞–∫–æ–≤–æ–π –¥–ª–∏–Ω—ã:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 1. –ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω–æ –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª–∏–ª —Ä–∞—Å—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–µ –•—ç–º–º–∏–Ω–≥–∞ –º–µ–∂–¥—É —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞–º–∏ " Test " –∏ " Tess "
–û—à–∏–±–∫–∞ " TypeError: —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–æ–≤—ã–π –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å –≤–Ω–µ –¥–æ–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º–æ–≥–æ –¥–∏–∞–ø–∞–∑–æ–Ω–∞ " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞–µ—Ç, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –ø—ã—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—É –≤ –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –Ω–µ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç. –ß—Ç–æ–±—ã —É—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç—É –æ—à–∏–±–∫—É, —É–±–µ–¥–∏—Ç–µ—Å—å, —á—Ç–æ –≤–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –æ–±—Ä–∞–±–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ —Ç–∞–∫, –∫–∞–∫ –±—É–¥—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç—Å—è —Å –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏ 0.