–ö –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞–º Python —Å–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º None –Ω–µ–ª—å–∑—è –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞—Ü–∏–∏ . –≠—Ç–æ —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–æ —Å —Ç–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è None –Ω–µ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å –Ω–æ–º–µ—Ä–∞–º–∏ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–æ–≤.
–ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –ø–æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—É –∏–∑ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è None —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞—Ü–∏–∏, –≤—ã —Å—Ç–æ–ª–∫–Ω–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å —Å –æ—à–∏–±–∫–æ–π " TypeError: " NoneType " –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç –Ω–µ –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–∂–∏—Ç –ø–æ–¥–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞.
–í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ –º—ã –ø–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏–º –æ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–∞ –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞, –∏ —Ä–∞–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ–º—Å—è, –∫–∞–∫ –æ–Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç. –ú—ã —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —ç—Ç–æ–π –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∏, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –≤—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –ø–æ–Ω—è—Ç—å, –∫–∞–∫ –∏—Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –µ–µ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ.
TypeError: " NoneType " –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç –Ω–µ –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–∂–∏—Ç –ø–æ–¥–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ
–ü–æ–¥–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ–º—ã–µ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç—ã - —ç—Ç–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º –æ—Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞—Ü–∏–∏. " –ò–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ " - –µ—â–µ –æ–¥–Ω–æ —Å–ª–æ–≤–æ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å " subscript & rdquo ;, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—Å—è –∫ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–µ —Å –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–º–∏ —á–∞—Å—Ç—è–º–∏ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω–æ–π –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–∏.
–ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ , –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏ –∏ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏ —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞–º–∏ —Å –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞–º–∏. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏–∑–≤–ª–µ–∫–∞—Ç—å —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –∏–∑ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–æ–≤ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞—Ü–∏–∏. –ù–∏–∫–∞–∫–∏–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–µ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω—ã, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –Ω–µ —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è —á–∞—Å—Ç—å—é –∫–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ-–ª–∏–±–æ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ–≥–æ –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä–∞ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π.
–û—à–∏–±–∫–∞ " TypeError: " NoneType " –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç –Ω–µ –ø–æ–¥–ª–µ–∂–∏—Ç –ø–æ–¥–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ–±—ã—á–Ω—ã–º —è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –Ω–∞–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä sort (), reverse () –∏–ª–∏ append () –¥–ª—è –ü–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—ã —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—é—Ç —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –Ω–∞ –º–µ—Å—Ç–µ. –í —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç–µ –æ–Ω–∏ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞—é—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ None.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Å—Ü–µ–Ω–∞—Ä–∏—è
–°–æ–∑–¥–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –æ—Ç—Å–ª–µ–∂–∏–≤–∞—é—â–µ–µ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é –æ–± —É—Å–ø–µ–≤–∞–µ–º–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —É—á–∞—â–µ–≥–æ—Å—è –≤ —à–∫–æ–ª–µ. –ù–∞—á–Ω–µ–º —Å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ–≤ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–æ–≤ —É—á–∞—â–∏—Ö—Å—è:
–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ–≤ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–æ–≤ —É—á–∞—â–∏—Ö—Å—è –µ—Å—Ç—å –¥–≤–∞ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—è . –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –ø—Ä–æ—Å–∏–º –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –≤—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–∞ –±—ã—Ç—å –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∞ ‚Äã‚Äã–≤ " scores " list:
81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –±—É—Ç–∫–µ–º–ø–∞ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ—É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π. –ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.
–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—É—é –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—É, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.
–ú—ã –æ—Ç—Å–ª–µ–∂–∏–≤–∞–µ–º —Ç—Ä–∏ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. : –∏–º—è —É—á–∞—â–µ–≥–æ—Å—è, –µ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –∏ –µ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–∞, –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –≤ –≤–∏–¥–µ –±—É–∫–≤–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∫–∏.