–ú–µ—Ç–æ–¥ Python append () –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ None. –≠—Ç–æ —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–æ —Å —Ç–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫. –û–Ω –Ω–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π.
–ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –ø–æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å –Ω–∞–∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç—å —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ append () –∫ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞–µ—Ç –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ " TypeError: " NoneType " –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –∞—Ç—Ä–∏–±—É—Ç–∞ " append " " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞.
–í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ –º—ã –ø–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏–º –æ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–∞ –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞, –ø–æ—á–µ–º—É –æ–Ω–∞ –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞–µ—Ç –∏ –∫–∞–∫ –µ–µ —Ä–µ—à–∏—Ç—å, —Å–æ —Å—Å—ã–ª–∫–æ–π –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä.
TypeError : " NoneType " –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –∞—Ç—Ä–∏–±—É—Ç–∞ " append "
–í Python —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç —Å–æ–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ, —Å–æ–≥–ª–∞—Å–Ω–æ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º—É –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—ã, –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—é—â–∏–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏, –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞—é—Ç None. –ü—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –≤ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–æ–≤–æ–π –∫–æ–ø–∏–∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –±—ã–ª–æ –±—ã –Ω–µ–æ–ø—Ç–∏–º–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–º —Å —Ç–æ—á–∫–∏ –∑—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å.
–ü–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ append () –Ω–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, –æ—á–µ–≤–∏–¥–Ω–æ, —á—Ç–æ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫. –≠—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Ç–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç —Å–ª—É—á–∞–π–Ω–æ–µ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ –≤ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫.
–†–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π –æ—à–∏–±–∫–æ–π –∫–æ–¥–∏—Ä–æ–≤—â–∏–∫–æ–≤ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç–∞ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ append () –Ω–æ–≤–æ–º—É —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫. –≠—Ç–æ –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ append () –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è–µ—Ç —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫. append () –Ω–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç—å –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π.
–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Å—Ü–µ–Ω–∞—Ä–∏—è
–ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ–º –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –±–∏–±–ª–∏–æ—Ç–µ–∫–∞—Ä—å –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –∫–Ω–∏–≥—É –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–µ–π . –≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–µ–π —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é –æ–± –∞–≤—Ç–æ—Ä–µ –∫–Ω–∏–≥–∏ –∏ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ –∏–º–µ—é—â–∏—Ö—Å—è –∫–æ–ø–∏–π.
–ù–∞—á–Ω–µ–º —Å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∫–Ω–∏–≥:
81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–∏ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –±—É—Ç–∫–µ–º–ø–∞ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ—É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π. –ù–∞–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥ –∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–º—É –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—é —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.
–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –≤ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–µ –ø–æ –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä–Ω–æ–π –ª–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–∏—Ü–µ, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.
–°–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∫–Ω–∏–≥ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –æ–¥–∏–Ω —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å. . –í —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –æ –∫–æ–Ω–∫—Ä–µ—Ç–Ω–æ–π –∫–Ω–∏–≥–µ. & Nbsp; –ú—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–µ–º –æ–¥–Ω—É –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å—å –≤ —ç—Ç–æ—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∫–Ω–∏–≥:
–ù–∞—à–∏ " –∫–Ω–∏–≥–∏ " —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Ç–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –¥–≤–µ –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–∏. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –∑–∞–ø—Ä–∞—à–∏–≤–∞–µ–º —É –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é –æ –∫–Ω–∏–≥–µ , –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—É—é –æ–Ω —Ö–æ—á–µ—Ç –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫:
–¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —É –Ω–∞—Å –µ—Å—Ç—å —ç—Ç–∞ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è, –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –ø—Ä–∏—Å—Ç—É–ø–∏—Ç—å –∫ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—é –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–∏ –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∫–Ω–∏–≥. –ú—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ append ():
–ú—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏–ª–∏ –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å –≤ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª " books " —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫. –ú—ã –ø—Ä–µ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " available " –≤ —Ü–µ–ª–æ–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ. –ú—ã –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–∞–∏–≤–∞–µ–º —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ append () –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—É " books " –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è . –ù–∞–∫–æ–Ω–µ—Ü, –º—ã –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏–º –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∫–Ω–∏–≥ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å:
–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –∏ –ø–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å–∏—Ç –Ω–∞—Å –≤–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é –æ –∫–Ω–∏–≥–µ. –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –ø—ã—Ç–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –∫–Ω–∏–≥—É –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∫–Ω–∏–≥, –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞.