Python: чтение текстового файла в список

Michael Zippo 27.11.2021

–•—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞—Ö –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –≤–∞–º –≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ —É—á–µ—Ç –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, —Å –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞. –≠—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –≤–∞–º –Ω–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –∑–∞–Ω–æ–≤–æ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–µ —Å –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–æ–π. –í—ã –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ —á–∏—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ —ç—Ç–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∏–∑ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞.

–î–ª—è —á—Ç–µ–Ω–∏—è —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–π—Ç–µ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ readlines (). –ü–æ—Å–ª–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –≤—ã –ø—Ä–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞–ª–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª, –≤—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç–µ split (), —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–µ–≤—Ä–∞—Ç–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç–∏ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫.

–í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ –º—ã –æ–±—Å—É–¥–∏–º, –∫–∞–∫ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å split () –¥–ª—è —á—Ç–µ–Ω–∏—è —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫. –ú—ã —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –≤—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –Ω–∞—á–∞—Ç—å —á—Ç–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤—ã—Ö —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏.

Python: —á—Ç–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫

–ù–∞—á–Ω–µ–º —Å —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ —Å –∏–º–µ–Ω–µ–º grilled_cheese .—Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Ñ–∞–π–ª —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –¥–ª—è –∂–∞—Ä–µ–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å—ç–Ω–¥–≤–∏—á–∞ —Å —Å—ã—Ä–æ–º. –°–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ –≤—ã–≥–ª—è–¥–∏—Ç —Ç–∞–∫:

–ü–µ—Ä–≤—ã–π —Å—Ç–æ–ª–±–µ—Ü –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Ñ–∞–π–ª–µ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–≥–æ –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è. –í—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π —Å—Ç–æ–ª–±–µ—Ü —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∞.

–ú—ã —Å—á–∏—Ç—ã–≤–∞–µ–º —ç—Ç–æ—Ç —Ñ–∞–π–ª –≤ –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è open () –∏ readlines () –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—ã:

–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –∫–æ–¥–µ –º—ã –æ—Ç–∫—Ä—ã–≤–∞–µ–º —Ñ–∞–π–ª —Å –∏–º–µ–Ω–µ–º " grilled_cheese.txt " –≤ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–µ —á—Ç–µ–Ω–∏—è. –†–µ–∂–∏–º —á—Ç–µ–Ω–∏—è –æ–±–æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–º " r " –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–µ open (). –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏–º —ç—Ç–∏ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å.

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ Python:

81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω—ã –≤ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–µ –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤—ã –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è. –ù–∞–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥ –∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–º—É –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—é —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.

–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ —Å–º–µ–Ω—É –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—ã, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Ñ–∞–π–ª–µ. –≠—Ç–æ –Ω–µ —Å–æ–≤—Å–µ–º —Ç–æ—Ç —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ –º—ã –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–µ–º. –ü–æ–∫–∞ –º—ã —Å—á–∏—Ç—ã–≤–∞–µ–º –Ω–∞—à —Ñ–∞–π–ª –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, —É –Ω–∞—Å –µ—Å—Ç—å –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∞: –∫–∞–∂–¥–∞—è —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤ –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ. –ò–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –∏ –∏—Ö –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω—ã.

–†–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π –Ω–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫

–î–ª—è —Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω–∏—è —ç—Ç–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º—ã –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ split () . –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç—å —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫—É —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é —É–∫–∞–∑–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –Ω–∞–º–∏ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç–µ–ª—è.

–î–ª—è –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –º—ã –æ–±—ä—è–≤–ª—è–µ–º –¥–≤–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞: –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∏ –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç—ã. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –∫–æ–¥ –æ—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å –æ—Ç—Å—Ç—É–ø–æ–º, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —á–∞—Å—Ç—å—é –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ open () –±–ª–æ–∫ –∫–æ–¥–∞.

–ú—ã –±—É–¥–µ–º –ø–µ—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ä–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–∞ –∏–∑ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏–º –∫–∞–∂–¥—É—é —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫—É –Ω–∞ –¥–≤–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏. –¢–æ—á–∫–æ–π —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–∞—è, –∑–∞ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–±–µ–ª. –≤ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ:

—Ü–∏–∫–ª for –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–º —á–∏—Ç–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à —Ñ–∞–π–ª –ø–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ. –ü–µ—Ä–≤–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤ " as_list " –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∞. –í—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ - —ç—Ç–æ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∞. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏–º –æ–±–∞ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å:

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å —Ç—Ä–∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞. –ü–µ—Ä–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ - —ç—Ç–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –≤—Å–µ—Ö —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫ —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–∞ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Ñ–∞–π–ª–µ. –í—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –≤—Å–µ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∏–∑ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞. –¢—Ä–µ—Ç–∏–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –≤—Å–µ –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç—ã.

–ï—Å—Ç—å –µ—â–µ –æ–¥–Ω–æ —É–ª—É—á—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –Ω–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å. –ö–∞–∂–¥—ã–π –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç –æ–∫–∞–Ω—á–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ " " –ø–µ—Ä—Å–æ–Ω–∞–∂ . –≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª –æ–±–æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–æ–≤—É—é —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫—É. –ú—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º —É–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ—Ç —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ replace () :

–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Ü–∏–∫–ª–µ for –º—ã –∑–∞–º–µ–Ω—è–µ–º –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " " —Å –ø—É—Å—Ç–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–æ–π. –ú—ã –¥–µ–ª–∞–µ–º —ç—Ç–æ –¥–ª—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è as_list [1], –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏—é –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–≥–æ –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∞.

–¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º—ã –≤–Ω–µ—Å–ª–∏ —ç—Ç–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–∞:

–ó–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ–º –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –∏ –ø–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–µ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑—É–µ—Ç –Ω–∞—à —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤—ã–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª –≤ –¥–≤–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞. –û–¥–∏–Ω —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ –¥–ª—è —Ä–µ—Ü–µ–ø—Ç–∞. –î—Ä—É–≥–æ–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ c —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∏–Ω–≥—Ä–µ–¥–∏–µ–Ω—Ç—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º—ã –±—É–¥–µ–º –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è —Ä–µ—Ü–µ–ø—Ç–∞.

–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ

–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞—Ç—å —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤—ã–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è open () –∏ readlines ( ) –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—ã. –ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞—Ç—å —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤—ã–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–π—Ç–µ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ split (). –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ —Ä–∞–∑–±–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ø–æ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–º—É —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª—É.

–í –ø—Ä–∏–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–º –≤—ã—à–µ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–µ –º—ã —Ä–∞–∑–±–∏–≤–∞–µ–º —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫—É –Ω–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –Ω–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–µ –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏ –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–±–µ–ª–∞ (& ldquo ;, " ). –¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å –≤—ã –≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤—ã –ø—Ä–µ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤—ã–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –Ω–∞ Python, –∫–∞–∫ —ç–∫—Å–ø–µ—Ä—Ç.