В Python отсутствует 1 обязательный позиционный аргумент: решение self

Michael Zippo 27.11.2021

–ö–ª–∞—Å—Å—ã Python –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –∏–ª–∏ –≤—ã–∑–≤–∞—Ç—å, –ø—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ —á–µ–º –≤—ã —Å–º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –∏—Ö –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞–º. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –∑–∞–±—É–¥–µ—Ç–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞ –∏ –ø–æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—É –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞, –≤—ã –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ–Ω–∏–µ –æ–± –æ—à–∏–±–∫–µ " –æ—Ç—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç 1 –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç: " self " & rdquo ;.

–í —ç—Ç–æ–º –í —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ –º—ã –ø–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏–º –æ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–∞ –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ –∏ –ø–æ—á–µ–º—É –æ–Ω–∞ –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞–µ—Ç. –ú—ã —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —ç—Ç–æ–π –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∏ –≤ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏–∏, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø–æ–º–æ—á—å –≤–∞–º —É–∑–Ω–∞—Ç—å, –∫–∞–∫ –µ–µ –∏—Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å.

–æ—Ç—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç 1 –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç: " self "

–ü–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å—è—Ç—Å—è –∫ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–º, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é. –í –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–µ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–æ –±—ã—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " self & rdquo ;. –¶–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å " self " –ø–æ—Ö–æ–∂ –Ω–∞ " this " –≤ JavaScript. " self " –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ, —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—â–∏–µ—Å—è –≤ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–µ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞.

–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç–µ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞ –±–µ–∑ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–≤–∞—Ä–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä–∞ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞, –≤—ã –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ–Ω–∏–µ –æ–± –æ—à–∏–±–∫–µ. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ " self " –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –ø–æ–∫–∞ –Ω–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞.

–ù–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç " –ø—Ä–æ–ø—É—â–µ–Ω 1 –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç: " self " " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∏:

–ó–∞–±—ã—Ç—å —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞
–ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å–∞ –¥–ª—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º –∫–∞–∂–¥—É—é –∏–∑ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω –∏–Ω–¥–∏–≤–∏–¥—É–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ.

–ü—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞ ‚Ññ1: –ó–∞–±—ã—Ç—å —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞

–ü—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ —á–µ–º –≤—ã —Å–º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—É –≤ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–µ, –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞. < br>

–û–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç–µ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –æ –≥–µ—Ä–æ–µ –≤–∏–¥–µ–æ–∏–≥—Ä—ã:

81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è. –ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.

–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—É—é –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—É, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.

–ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–µ–º function –≤ –Ω–∞—à –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å. –§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –≤–Ω—É—Ç—Ä–∏ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–æ–≤ –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞–º–∏. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç –∏–º—è –∏–≥—Ä–æ–∫–∞ –∏ –µ–≥–æ —Ç–∏–ø:

–ü–æ–ø—Ä–æ–±—É–π—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º—É –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å—É, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –º—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –∏–≥—Ä–æ–∫–∞: & nbsp ;

–ú—ã —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–ª–∏ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç, –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π " luke & rdquo ;. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–Ω—ã–º –æ—Ç –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞ Hero. –ú—ã –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ–º –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ show_player () –¥–ª—è –æ—Ç–æ–±—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –æ –ø–ª–µ–µ—Ä–µ.

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –∏ –ø–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ –º—ã –Ω–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–ª–∏ —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ Hero. Hero.show_player () –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –º—ã –Ω–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–ª–∏ –ì–µ—Ä–æ—è, –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –æ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –æ—Ç–æ–±—Ä–∞–∂–∞—Ç—å—Å—è.

–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã —Ä–µ—à–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç—É –æ—à–∏–±–∫—É, –º—ã —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ–º —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥ –≤—ã–∑–æ–≤–æ–º show_player ():

–ó–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –µ—â–µ —Ä–∞–∑:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω–æ! –°–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –º—ã –æ–±—ä—è–≤–∏–ª–∏ varia –ë–ª–µ –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è " –õ—é–∫ & Rdquo; –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –æ–± –∏–≥—Ä–æ–∫–µ –ø–æ –∏–º–µ–Ω–∏ –õ—é–∫. –¢–∏–ø –∏–≥—Ä–æ–∫–∞ –õ—é–∫–∞ - "–ú–∞–≥". –¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º—ã —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–ª–∏ —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞, –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –≤—ã–∑–≤–∞—Ç—å –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ show_player ().

–ü—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞ ‚Ññ 2: –Ω–µ–≤–µ—Ä–Ω–æ–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏–µ —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞

–û—Ç—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç " 1 –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç: " self " " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–Ω—É—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–º —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏–∏ —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞. –†–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –∫–æ–¥:

< p> –•–æ—Ç—è —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –∫–æ–¥ –ø–æ—Ö–æ–∂ –Ω–∞ –Ω–∞—à–µ —Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏–∑ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–µ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–∞, –æ–Ω –Ω–µ–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ –º—ã –Ω–µ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏–ª–∏ —Å–∫–æ–±–æ–∫ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞ Hero. –û—Ç—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–∏–µ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —Å–∫–æ–±–æ–∫ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –Ω–µ –∑–Ω–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞.

–†–µ—à–∏—Ç–µ —ç—Ç—É –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º—É, –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏–≤ —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∏ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ Hero –∏ —É–∫–∞–∑–∞–≤ –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º—ã–µ –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã, " name " –∏ " player_type & rdquo ;:

–¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω–æ –∏ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é –æ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –ø–ª–µ–µ—Ä–µ:

–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ

–û—Ç—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç 1 –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∞—Ä–≥—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç " self " " –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞–µ—Ç, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –Ω–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ—Ç–µ —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥ –≤—ã–∑–æ–≤–æ–º –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞. –≠—Ç–∞ –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–º —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏–∏ —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞.

–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã —Ä–µ—à–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç—É –æ—à–∏–±–∫—É, —É–±–µ–¥–∏—Ç–µ—Å—å, —á—Ç–æ –≤—ã —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–ª–∏ —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞, –ø—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ —á–µ–º –ø—ã—Ç–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –ª—é–±–æ–º—É –∏–∑ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–æ–≤ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞ & rsquo ;. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º —É–±–µ–¥–∏—Ç–µ—Å—å, —á—Ç–æ –≤—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω—ã–π —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å –¥–ª—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä–∞ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞.

–¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å –≤—ã –≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤—ã —Ä–µ—à–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç—É —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω—É—é –æ—à–∏–±–∫—É, –∫–∞–∫ —ç–∫—Å–ø–µ—Ä—Ç Python-—Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏–∫–∞ < / –∞>!