Математические операторы Python: Руководство

Функции и методы Python

–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –∫–æ–¥–µ " a " –∏ " b " —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏. –ú—ã —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞–µ–º –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " a " —Ä–∞–≤–Ω—ã–º 27, –∞ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " b & rdquo. ; –¥–æ 19. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –≤—ã—á–ª–∏ " b " –∏–∑ " a & rdquo ;.

–ü—Ä–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–µ —Å –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–º–∏ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞–º–∏ Python –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∫–∞–∫ –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ, —Ç–∞–∫ –∏ –æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ü–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ (–ø—Ä–∏ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏–∏, –∫–æ–Ω–µ—á–Ω–æ, , —á–∏—Å–ª–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º, –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –¥–∞—Ç—å –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ —Ç–æ—á–Ω—ã–π —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç. –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –ø–æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç—å —á–∏—Å–ª–æ –Ω–∞ 0, –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–µ–Ω–∞ –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∞.) –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –º—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ –∫ –æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ü–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–º—É, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: -1.

–î–æ —Å–∏—Ö –ø–æ—Ä –º—ã —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–ª–∏ —Å —Ü–µ–ª—ã–º–∏ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞–º–∏. –ù–æ –º—ã —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –º–æ–∂–µ–º –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π (–¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞) –≤ ma —Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –≤ Python. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã —É–∫–∞–∂–µ–º –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω–æ–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ –≤ –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–π –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–∏, –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤–µ—Ä–Ω–µ—Ç –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω–æ–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ.

–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å 8,2 –∫ 4. –ú—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –∫–æ–¥:
< / p>

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 12.2. & nbsp;

–ö–∞–∫ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤–µ—Ä–Ω—É–ª–∞ —Å—É–º–º—É –Ω–∞—à–∏—Ö –¥–≤—É—Ö —á–∏—Å–µ–ª –≤ –≤–∏–¥–µ –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω–æ–≥–æ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞.

–£–º–Ω–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏ –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ

–û–¥–∏–Ω–æ—á–Ω—ã–π –∑–Ω–∞–∫ –∑–≤–µ–∑–¥–æ—á–∫–∏ (*) –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è —É–º–Ω–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è —á–∏—Å–µ–ª –≤ Python, –∞ –æ–¥–∏–Ω–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–π –∑–Ω–∞–∫ –∫–æ—Å–æ–π —á–µ—Ä—Ç—ã (/) –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —á–∏—Å–µ–ª –≤ Python.

–î–æ–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º, –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —É–º–Ω–æ–∂–∏—Ç—å 92 –Ω–∞ 8. –≠—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 736. & nbsp;

–ö–∞–∫ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä * –¥–ª—è —É–º–Ω–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞.

–ê–Ω–∞–ª–æ–≥–∏—á–Ω–æ, –¥–æ–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º, –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç—å –¥–≤–∞ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π –±–µ—Ä—Å. –ú—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞ Python 3:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 9.1. & nbsp;

–í —ç—Ç–æ–º –∫–æ–¥–µ –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ –∫–æ—Å—É—é —á–µ—Ä—Ç—É, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —É–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à–∏ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞.

–°—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä–Ω–æ–º –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ —á–∏—Å–µ–ª —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –∫–æ—Å–æ–π —á–µ—Ä—Ç—ã –≤ Python 3 –∫–æ–Ω–µ—á–Ω—ã–º —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ–º –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –Ω–µ–æ–∫—Ä—É–≥–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π. –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ –≤ Python 2 —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –∫–æ—Å–æ–π —á–µ—Ä—Ç—ã, –∫–æ–Ω–µ—á–Ω—ã–º —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ–º –±—É–¥–µ—Ç —Ü–µ–ª–æ–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ.

"–ö–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—è –∫–∞—Ä–º–∞ –≤–æ—à–ª–∞ –≤ –º–æ—é –∂–∏–∑–Ω—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º–Ω–µ —ç—Ç–æ –±—ã–ª–æ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ, –∏ –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–ª–∞ –º–Ω–µ –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ —Å–æ–≤–ø–∞–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ. —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—å. –ß–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –¥–≤–∞ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–∞ —è –Ω–∞—à–ª–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –º–µ—á—Ç—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∞ –º–æ–∏–º —Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º –∏ —Ü–µ–ª—è–º –≤ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏! "

–í–µ–Ω–µ—Ä–∞, –∏–Ω–∂–µ–Ω–µ—Ä-–ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç –≤ Rockbot < / p>

–ò—Ç–∞–∫, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ–º –Ω–∞—à –ø—Ä–∏–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –≤—ã—à–µ –∫–æ–¥ –≤ Python 2, –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 9.

–û–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –ø–æ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—é

–ó–Ω–∞–∫ –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ (%) —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –∫–∞–∫ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –ø–æ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—é Python. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–π –æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ–∫, –∞ –Ω–µ –æ–∫–æ–Ω—á–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è.

–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ –æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ–∫ –æ—Ç 20, –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –Ω–∞ 6. –ú—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –∫–æ–¥: < br>

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 2. & nbsp;

20 –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ —Ç—Ä–∏–∂–¥—ã —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞ 6, –∞ –æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ–∫ —Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω 2. –°–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ, –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ 2.

–û–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –º–æ—â–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏

–î–≤–µ –∑–≤–µ–∑–¥–æ—á–∫–∏ (**) —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—Ç –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –º–æ—â–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ Python. –û–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –º–æ—â–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –≤–æ–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –æ–¥–Ω–æ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ –≤ —Å—Ç–µ–ø–µ–Ω—å –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–≥–æ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞. –î—Ä—É–≥–∏–º–∏ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞–º–∏, –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä —Å—Ç–µ–ø–µ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –≤–∞–º —É–º–Ω–æ–∂–∏—Ç—å —á–∏—Å–ª–æ –Ω–∞ —Å–∞–º–æ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Ä–∞–∑.

–ò—Ç–∞–∫, –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª–∏—Ç—å 5 –≤ —Å—Ç–µ–ø–µ–Ω–∏ 3 & mdash; –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–º–∏ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞–º–∏, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —É–º–Ω–æ–∂—å—Ç–µ 5 –Ω–∞ —Å–µ–±—è 3 —Ä–∞–∑–∞ (5 x 5 x 5). –ú—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 125. & nbsp;

–û–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –º–æ—â–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —É–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞—à–µ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ –ø–æ–¥–Ω—è—Ç—å –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " a " –∫ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—é –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è " b & rdquo ;. –¢–∞–∫–∏–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –Ω–∞–º–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª–∏–ª–∞ 5 –∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ 3 –∏ –≤–µ—Ä–Ω—É–ª–∞ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ 125. & nbsp;

–ü–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ–∫ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–π (–ø—Ä–∏–æ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ—Ç –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≤)

–í –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏–∫–µ –∑–∞–¥–∞—á–∏ —Ä–µ—à–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ–∫ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏–π. –ü—Ä–µ–¥–æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–∞ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—è—é—Ç –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ–∫, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º –≤—ã –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç–µ –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—â–∏–µ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–π. & Nbsp;

–¢–æ –∂–µ —Å–∞–º–æ–µ –∏ –≤ Python. –§–∞–∫—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏, Python —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–Ω–æ–º—É –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–∫—É –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–π, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º–æ–º—É –≤ –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏–∫–µ.

–†–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–Ω—ã–π –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä: