Change language
Python.Engineering Wiki Основные функции Python: практическое руководство

Основные функции Python: практическое руководство

Функции и методы Python
Michael Zippo Michael Zippo 27.11.2021

–ú–µ—Ç–æ–¥ main () Python —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—ã –∏ –∫–æ–¥, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç—å –≤ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º –Ω–µ—Ç –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç–∏, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ Python –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç –∫–æ–¥ –ø–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ—á–Ω–æ, –Ω–æ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ main () –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–∞–µ—Ç —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å –∫–æ–¥ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —á–∏—Ç–∞–µ–º—ã–º.

" –Ø –≤–∏–¥–µ–ª –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è main () –≤ Python. –ß—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç? & Rdquo; –≠—Ç–æ –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã–π –≤–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å. –§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å—Å—è —Ç—Ä–∏–≤–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–π, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤ –Ω–µ–π –Ω–µ—Ç –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç–∏.

–ö–æ–¥–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ - —ç—Ç–æ –ª–∞–∫–æ–Ω–∏—á–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å; –≤–∞–º, –≤–µ—Ä–æ—è—Ç–Ω–æ, –ª—é–±–æ–ø—ã—Ç–Ω–æ, –ø–æ—á–µ–º—É —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏–∫–∏ —Ö–æ—Ç—è—Ç –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è—Ç—å –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫ –∫–æ–¥–∞. –§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫ –∫–æ–¥–∞ –≤ –≤–∞—à—É –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É Python, –Ω–æ –æ–Ω–∞ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ —Å–ª—É–∂–∏—Ç –≤–∞–∂–Ω–æ–π —Ü–µ–ª–∏.

–í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ –º—ã –ø–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏–º –æ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () –∏ –ø–æ—á–µ–º—É –æ–Ω–∞ –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω–∞.

–ß—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è Python main () –§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è?

–§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è Python main () –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –≤–∞–º –≤–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –ª–æ–≥–∏–∫—É –≤ –≤–∞—à–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã Python. –§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å—Ä–∞–∑—É –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã. –û–Ω –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—è–µ—Ç –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ–∫, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å—Å—è –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏.

–°–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ main ():

–§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () –ø–æ—è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤–Ω–∏–∑—É –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –≤—Å–µ –º–æ–¥—É–ª–∏ –±—ã–ª–∏ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω—ã –∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –±—ã–ª–∏ –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –≤—ã–∑–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é Python –≤ –Ω–∏–∂–Ω–µ–π —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã, –∏ –æ–Ω–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –∑–∞–ø—É—â–µ–Ω–∞. –ù–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Å–±–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å —Ç–æ–ª–∫—É —Ç–æ—Ç —Ñ–∞–∫—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –∫–æ–¥ –≤–Ω–∏–∑—É –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–æ–π. –í –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏—Ö —è–∑—ã–∫–∞—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è, —Ç–∞–∫–∏—Ö –∫–∞–∫ C++ –∏ Java, –≤–µ—Å—å –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π –∫–æ–¥ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤ –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω–æ–π —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏.

–§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () - —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± —Ä–∞–∑–±–∏—Ç—å –≤–µ—Å—å –∫–æ–¥ –≤ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞—Ö. –õ—é–¥–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ –∑–Ω–∞–∫–æ–º—ã —Å Python, –Ω–æ –∑–Ω–∞–∫–æ–º—ã —Å –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–º–∏ —è–∑—ã–∫–∞–º–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è, —Ç–∞–∫–∏–º–∏ –∫–∞–∫ C++, –±—É–¥—É—Ç –±–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä–Ω—ã –≤–∞–º –∑–∞ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ main ().

81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω—ã –≤ —ç—Ç–æ–º –∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤—ã —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ—É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–∏—è –≤ –±—É—Ç–∫–µ–º–ø–µ. –ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.

–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—É—é –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—É, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.

–ï—Å—Ç—å –¥–≤–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫—É—Ä—Å–∞. –û—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–∞—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è Python. –ü–µ—Ä–≤–∞—è —á–∞—Å—Ç—å - —ç—Ç–æ —Ñ–∞–∫—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∞—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main (), –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç –∫–æ–¥ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã. –ü–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—å—Ç–µ –≤—ã–∑–≤–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à—É —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é cookies () –∏ —Ä–∞—Å–ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∞—Ç—å –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏—é: " –ú–Ω–µ –Ω—Ä–∞–≤—è—Ç—Å—è —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã cookie. & Rdquo; –∏–∑ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ main ():

–ù–∞–∫–æ–Ω–µ—Ü, –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—å—Ç–µ " –≤—ã–∑–≤–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à—É —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é –≤–Ω–∏–∑—É –Ω–∞—à–µ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã:

–¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥: < / p>

–°–æ–≤–µ—Ä—à–µ–Ω–Ω–æ —è—Å–Ω–æ, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ:

  • Cookies () - —ç—Ç–æ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∞–µ—Ç " Cookies –≤–æ—Å—Ö–∏—Ç–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã. "
  • –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è, –Ω–∞—à–∏ –¥–≤–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏, cookies () –∏ main (), –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è .
  • –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ–º —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é main ().
  • " –ú–Ω–µ –Ω—Ä–∞–≤—è—Ç—Å—è —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã cookie. " –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å.
  • –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è cookies (), –ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∞—é—â–∞—è " Cookies –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –≤–∫—É—Å–Ω—ã–µ! " –≤ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å.

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –Ω–µ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —á–∏—â–µ, –Ω–æ –∏ –ª–æ–≥–∏—á–Ω–µ–µ. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –ø—Ä–∏—à–ª–∏ —Å –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–≥–æ —è–∑—ã–∫–∞, —Ç–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ –∫–∞–∫ Java, –≤—ã –ø–æ–π–º–µ—Ç–µ, –Ω–∞—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —ç—Ç–æ –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω–æ.

–ß—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ Python __name__?

–û–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä Python __name__ –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—Å—è –∫ –∏–º–µ–Ω–∏ —Å–∫—Ä–∏–ø—Ç–∞. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å, –æ–Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ç –∏–º—è –º–æ–¥—É–ª—è. –í –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ __name__ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –∏–º–µ—Ç—å –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ __main__, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—Å—è –∫ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—É—é –≤—ã –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç–µ.

–ü—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ —á–µ–º –º—ã –ø–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏–º –æ–± –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—Ö __name__ –∏ __main__, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–µ —Å —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–µ–π main, –º—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –ø–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—å –æ __name__. __name__ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç –∏–º—è –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã .

–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª –Ω–∞–ø—Ä—è–º—É—é, __name__ —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–æ __main__. –†–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º —ç—Ç–æ—Ç —Ñ–∞–π–ª —Å –∏–º–µ–Ω–µ–º print_name.py:

–ú—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –∫–∞–∫ th —ç—Ç–æ:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: __ main__.

–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, –º—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –±—ã–ª–∏ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å –≤ —Ñ–∞–π–ª —Å –∏–º–µ–Ω–µ–º main.py. –î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–¥–∏–º —Ñ–∞–π–ª —Å –∏–º–µ–Ω–µ–º main.py –∏ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä—É–µ–º –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å print_name:

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º name.py:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç:

< p> –ö–æ–¥ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Ñ–∞–π–ª–µ print_name.py –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –º—ã –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ –µ–≥–æ –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å –≤ –Ω–∞—à—É –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—É—é –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É. –§–∞–π–ª print_name.py –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç __name__ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å. –ü–æ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫—É –º—ã –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ print_name –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å, –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º __name__ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è print_name.

–ß—Ç–æ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç, –µ—Å–ª–∏ __name__ == __main__?

–û–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä—ã Python if __name__ == __main__ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—é—Ç –∫–æ–¥, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –æ–Ω–∏ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª –Ω–∞–ø—Ä—è–º—É—é. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Ç–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å.

–í—ã, –≤–µ—Ä–æ—è—Ç–Ω–æ, –≤–∏–¥–µ–ª–∏ —á—Ç–æ-—Ç–æ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±–Ω–æ–µ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ Python —Å –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–µ–π:

–ß—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç? –≠—Ç–æ –µ—â–µ –æ–¥–∏–Ω —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–π –≤–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å. –í Python –ª—é–±–∞—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∏ –∑–∞–∫–∞–Ω—á–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ __, —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–π –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π. –≠—Ç–æ –∑–∞—Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –∏–º–µ—é—Ç –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Ü–µ–ª–∏ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ Python.

__main__ –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—Å—è –∫ –æ–±–ª–∞—Å—Ç–∏, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å—Å—è –≤–∞—à –∫–æ–¥. –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª Python –Ω–∞–ø—Ä—è–º—É—é, –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " __ name __ " —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ " __ main __ & rdquo ;. –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å, –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ " __ name __ " –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–æ " __ main __ & rdquo ;; –æ–Ω–æ —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –∏–º—è –º–æ–¥—É–ª—è.

"–ö–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—è –∫–∞—Ä–º–∞ –≤–æ—à–ª–∞ –≤ –º–æ—é –∂–∏–∑–Ω—å. –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —è –Ω—É–∂–¥–∞–ª—Å—è –≤ —ç—Ç–æ–º –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ, –∏ –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥ –º–Ω–µ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±—Ä–∞—Ç—å –±—É—Ç–∫–µ–º–ø. –ß–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –¥–≤–∞ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–∞ —è –Ω–∞—à–ª–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –º–µ—á—Ç—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∞ –º–æ–∏–º —Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º –∏ —Ü–µ–ª—è–º –≤ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏! "

–í–µ–Ω–µ—Ä–∞, –∏–Ω–∂–µ–Ω–µ—Ä-–ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç –≤ Rockbot

< p> –≠—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞ –∫–æ–¥–∞ –≤—ã—à–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ True –ø—Ä–∏ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–µ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã. –ù–æ —ç—Ç–∞ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ True —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –≤ —Ç–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –Ω–∞—à—É –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É –Ω–µ–ø–æ—Å—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –∏–∑ –∫–æ–º–∞–Ω–¥–Ω–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏, –∞ –Ω–µ –∏–∑ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å Python .

–ï—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã —Å—Å—ã–ª–∞–µ–º—Å—è –Ω–∞ –Ω–∞—à —Ñ–∞–π–ª –∫–∞–∫ –Ω–∞ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–µ Python " if & rdquo ; —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–Ω—ã–π –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω. –î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–µ–º–æ–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä—É–µ–º, –∫–∞–∫ —ç—Ç–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç, –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–µ.

Python if __name__ == __main__ Example

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–¥–∏–º –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π –°—Ü–µ–Ω–∞—Ä–∏–π Python –ø–æ–¥ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º username.py. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ñ–∞–π–ª–µ –º—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å–∏—Ç—å –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –≤—ã–±—Ä–∞—Ç—å –∏–º—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—å, –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–µ–≤—ã—à–∞–µ—Ç –ª–∏ –æ–Ω–æ –ø—è—Ç–∏ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –∏–º—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–µ–≤—ã—à–∞–µ—Ç –ø—è—Ç–∏ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤, –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—é –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–æ –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–æ–≤–æ–µ –∏–º—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è.

–ú—ã " –ù–∞—á–Ω–µ–º —Å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –≥–ª–æ–±–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–π –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏–º–µ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è:

–ú—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç—å –¥–≤–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏. –ü–µ—Ä–≤–∞—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å–∏—Ç –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –≤—ã–±—Ä–∞—Ç—å –∏–º—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—å, –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–µ–≤—ã—à–∞–µ—Ç –ª–∏ –æ–Ω–æ –ø—è—Ç–∏ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤. –í—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è —Ä–∞—Å–ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–æ –∏–º—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –≤ –æ–±–æ–ª–æ—á–∫–µ Python:

–ú—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ Python " global " –∫–ª—é—á–µ–≤–æ–µ —Å–ª–æ–≤–æ , —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–µ, –Ω–∞–∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ –¥–ª—è " –∏–º–µ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è " –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è –≤–Ω—É—Ç—Ä–∏ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ choose_username () –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–∞ –≥–ª–æ–±–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ. –¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º—ã –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–∏–ª–∏ –Ω–∞—à–∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏, –º—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—É—é —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏:

–ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä if __name__ = " __ main __ ". –≠—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—ã–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª –Ω–∞–ø—Ä—è–º—É—é, –∏–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–ø—Ä–µ—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—Ä Python –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç –¥–≤–µ –Ω–∞—à–∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –µ–≥–æ –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–µ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ main () –Ω–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å—Å—è.

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–µ—Ç —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é choose_username (), –∞ –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é print_username (). –ï—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–µ–º –∏–º—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è, –¥–ª–∏–Ω–∞ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ—Ö —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤, –º—ã —É–≤–∏–¥–∏–º —Ç–∞–∫–æ–π –æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç:

–ù–∞–º –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–æ –≤—ã–±—Ä–∞—Ç—å –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–µ –∏–º—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è.

–ï—Å–ª–∏ –±—ã –º—ã –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –∫–æ–¥ –∫–∞–∫ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å, –Ω–∞—à–∞ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () –Ω–µ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–ª–∞—Å—å.

–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ

–§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –±–ª–æ–∫–æ–≤ –∫–æ–¥–∞ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ Python. –•–æ—Ç—è –ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç—å main () –≤ Python, –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–∏–µ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–π –∏–∑ –Ω–∏—Ö - —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± —É–ª—É—á—à–∏—Ç—å —á–∏—Ç–∞–µ–º–æ—Å—Ç—å –≤–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞.

–ù–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ main () –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –¥–ª—è —Ç–∞–∫–∏—Ö —è–∑—ã–∫–æ–≤, –∫–∞–∫ Java, —Å –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—ã. hand. –§—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è main () –¥–∞–µ—Ç –ø–æ–Ω—è—Ç—å, –≤ –∫–∞–∫–æ–º –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–∫–µ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∫–æ–¥–∞ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ. –ü–æ —ç—Ç–æ–π –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–µ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ main () –≤ –≤–∞—à—É –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–µ–π –ø—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–∏–∫–æ–π –¥–ª—è –≤—Å–µ—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–æ–≤.

–¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å –≤—ã –≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤—ã –Ω–∞—á–∞—Ç—å –ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç—å –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–µ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥—ã –Ω–∞ Python –∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å —Å –Ω–∏–º–∏ –∫–∞–∫ –ø—Ä–æ—Ñ–µ—Å—Å–∏–æ–Ω–∞–ª! –î–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —Ä–µ—Å—É—Ä—Å—ã –ø–æ –æ–±—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—é Python –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –†—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –ø–æ –∏–∑—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—é Python .