Понимание списка Python: практическое руководство

Michael Zippo 27.11.2021

–ü–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ Python - —ç—Ç–æ —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–µ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞. –ü–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è —Ñ–∏–ª—å—Ç—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–∏ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ –∏–∑ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–ª—è –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π –≤ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ. –ü–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–æ –≤ –∫–≤–∞–¥—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∏.

–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Å–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞–º–∏, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –Ω–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–µ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–≥–æ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–π –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏. –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –Ω–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤. –ò–ª–∏ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∑–∞—Ö–æ—Ç–µ—Ç—å —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–µ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —É–º–Ω–æ–∂–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –¥–≤–∞.

–í–æ—Ç –≥–¥–µ –≤—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞–µ—Ç –≤ —Å–∏–ª—É –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ —Å –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–∞–º–∏ –±—É–¥—É—Ç –∏–∑—É—á–µ–Ω—ã –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤—ã —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ Python –∏ —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—ã –∏—Ö –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è. –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–π—Ç–µ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤.

–°–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ Python: –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ

–°—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç—É—Ä–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –≤–∞–º —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–∏ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ –≤ Python. –°–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å —Å –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–∏–º–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –∫–∞–∫–∏–º-—Ç–æ –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω—ã.

–ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤—Å–µ—Ö –≤–∫—É—Å–æ–≤ –º–æ—Ä–æ–∂–µ–Ω–æ–≥–æ, –ø—Ä–æ–¥–∞–≤–∞–µ–º—ã—Ö –≤ –º–∞–≥–∞–∑–∏–Ω–µ –º–æ—Ä–æ–∂–µ–Ω–æ–≥–æ. –ò–ª–∏ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Ç–µ–ª–µ—Ñ–æ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–æ–º–µ—Ä–æ–≤ —á–ª–µ–Ω–æ–≤ –≤–∏–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫–ª—É–±–∞.

–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ Python:

–¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º—ã –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–ª–∏ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤—ã —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤, –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –Ω–∞—á–∞—Ç—å –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—å –æ —Ç–æ–º, –∫–∞–∫ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤.

Python List Computing

–ü–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ Python —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∏–∑ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–≥–æ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –¥–ª—è –¥—É–±–ª–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–ª—è –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–≥–æ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –≤ –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫. –ò–ª–∏ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–µ—Å—Ç–∏ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–µ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Å –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞.

81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫—É—Ä—Å–∞. –ü—Ä–æ–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.

–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—É—é –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—É, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.

–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —É–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å —Ñ–∏–ª—å—Ç—Ä—ã, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –≤–∞—à –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∏–∑ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —á–∏—Å–µ–ª. –í–∞—à –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—Ç—å —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ 250.

–°–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –≤ Python —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π:

–≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å –ø–æ—Ö–æ–∂ –Ω–∞ Python –¥–ª—è –≤—ã–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ . –ù–æ –∑–∞—è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ. –ß—Ç–æ–±—ã —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–∞—Ç—å –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä for, –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–æ –≤ –∫–≤–∞–¥—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∏.

–°–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å –≤—ã—à–µ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –∏–∑ —Ç—Ä–µ—Ö —á–∞—Å—Ç–µ–π:

–≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ : –∫–æ–Ω–µ—á–Ω–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –ø–æ–ø–∞–¥–∞–µ—Ç –≤ –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫.
item : –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ, –ø–æ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º—É –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏—è.
list : —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∏–ª–∏ –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—è–µ–º—ã–π –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç, —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –ø—Ä–æ—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –∞–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ (–¥–æ–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º—ã–µ —Ç–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—Ç—å –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏, —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏).

–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏ Python if & hellip; else –≤–Ω—É—Ç—Ä–∏:

–≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –æ–Ω–∏ —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—Ç —É–∫–∞–∑–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–º—É —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏—é.

–ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –≤–∞–º —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∏–∑ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ –±–µ–∑ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥–ª—è –≤—ã–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏. –¥–ª—è —Å—Ç–∞—Ç–∏—Å—Ç–∏–∫–∏ –≠–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –∑–∞–Ω–∏–º–∞—é—Ç –Ω–µ –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ –¥–≤—É—Ö —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫ –∫–æ–¥–∞, —Ç–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∫–∞–∫ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –≤ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–µ.

–ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –ª—é–¥–∏ –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä—è—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –ø–æ—Ö–æ–∂–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–¥ Pythonic. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —ç—Ñ—Ñ–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–Ω—ã, —á–µ–º –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∫–æ—Ä–æ—Ç–∫–æ–≥–æ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ for.

–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ Python

–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –≤—Å–µ—Ö –∫—É—Ä–∏–Ω—ã—Ö –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—É –º—ã –ø—Ä–æ–¥–∞–µ–º –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –º–∞–≥–∞–∑–∏–Ω–µ. –ú—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å –≤—Å—é –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—É —Å –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–µ–π –≤ –∫–∞—Ç–µ–≥–æ—Ä–∏—é –ö—É—Ä–∏—Ü–∞ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –º–µ–Ω—é. –î–ª—è —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –æ—Ç—Ñ–∏–ª—å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—É —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≤ for. –ò–ª–∏ –º—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã –æ—Ç—Ñ–∏–ª—å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞.

–ú—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –¥–ª—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è –Ω–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü, –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü—É, –Ω–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–µ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü . –ú—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞:

–ù–∞—à–∏ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –≤—ã—Ö–æ–¥–Ω–æ–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫:

–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –∫–æ–¥–µ –º—ã —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—è–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –º–µ–Ω—é. –ù–∞—à–∏ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—Ç—Å—è –≤ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π Python , –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è pizzas. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –¥–ª—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è –Ω–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü, –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç —Ü—ã–ø–ª–µ–Ω–æ–∫.

–ù–∞—à–µ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –∏–∑ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏—Ö —á–∞—Å—Ç–µ–π:

p : —ç—Ç–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫.
for p in pizzas : —ç—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –ø–æ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π –ø–∏—Ü—Ü–µ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º " –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã " —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫.
if " Chicken " in p : –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä—è–µ—Ç, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –ª–∏ –∫–∞–∂–¥–∞—è –ø–∏—Ü—Ü–∞ " –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–∞ & rdquo ;. –ï—Å–ª–∏ —ç—Ç–æ –∏—Å—Ç–∏–Ω–Ω–æ, –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ, —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—â–µ–µ—Å—è –≤ " p " –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫.

–ù–∞—à–µ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∑–∞–Ω—è–ª–æ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–¥–Ω—É —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫—É –∫–æ–¥–∞. –¢–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∫–∞–∫ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–µ –Ω–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ç—Ä–∏ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∫–æ–¥–∞ —Å –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º for, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç. –í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–µ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑–∞–Ω–æ, –Ω–∞—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–∞–µ—Ç –≤–∞–º –ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç—å –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —á–∏—Å—Ç—ã–π –∫–æ–¥.

–ë–µ–∑ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –≤–µ—Ä–Ω–µ–º—Å—è –∫ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—É —Å –ø–∏—Ü—Ü–µ–π —Å –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–µ–π. –ë–µ–∑ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –±—ã –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–µ–ª–∏ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∫—É—Ä–∏–Ω—ã—Ö –ø–∏—Ü—Ü –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –º–µ–Ω—é, –º—ã –±—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –∫–æ–¥:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç:

–°–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –º—ã –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—è–µ–º –¥–≤–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞. –í –æ–¥–Ω–æ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã, –ø—Ä–æ–¥–∞–≤–∞–µ–º–æ–π –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –º–∞–≥–∞–∑–∏–Ω–µ. –í –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –≤—Å–µ—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–¥–∞–≤–∞–µ–º—ã—Ö –Ω–∞–º–∏ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü —Å –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–µ–π. –°–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–∞–≤–∞–µ–º—ã—Ö –Ω–∞–º–∏ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü —Å –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–µ–π –∏–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø—É—Å—Ç.

–ú—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º " –¥–ª—è " –∑–∞—è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä—è–µ–º, –µ—Å—Ç—å –ª–∏ –≤ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–π –ø–∏—Ü—Ü–µ —Å–ª–æ–≤–æ Chicken. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü–∞ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç —Å–ª–æ–≤–æ Chicken, –º—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–µ–º —ç—Ç—É –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—É –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü —Å –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–µ–π. –í –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ —Ç—Ä–∏ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü—É, –∏ –≤—Å–µ —Ç—Ä–∏ –∏–∑ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –ø–∏—Ü—Ü –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω—ã –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–∞_–ø–∏—Ü—Ü–∞.

"–ö–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—è –∫–∞—Ä–º–∞ –≤–æ—à–ª–∞ –≤ –º–æ—é –∂–∏–∑–Ω—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –ú–Ω–µ —ç—Ç–æ –±—ã–ª–æ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ, –∏ —è –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥ –º–Ω–µ –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –±—É—Ç–∫–µ–º–ø. –ß–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –¥–≤–∞ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–∞ —è –Ω–∞—à–µ–ª —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –º–µ—á—Ç—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∞ –º–æ–∏–º —Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º –∏ —Ü–µ–ª—è–º –≤ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏! "

–í–µ–Ω–µ—Ä–∞, –∏–Ω–∂–µ–Ω–µ—Ä-–ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç Rockbot

–ö–∞–∫ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—å, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –ª–∏ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü–∞ –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–∞, –∏ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –µ–µ –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º —Ç—Ä–∏ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∫–æ–¥–∞. –ï—Å—Ç—å –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —ç—Ñ—Ñ–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–Ω—ã–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –∫–æ–¥: –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–Ω—ã–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞.

–°–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é if & hellip; else

–í—ã —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å if & hellip; else –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä —Å –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞.

–†–∞–Ω–µ–µ –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä if –¥–ª—è –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã —Å –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü–µ–π. –ú—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–ª–∏ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—É —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –≤ —Ç–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞–ª–æ —Ç–µ—Ä–º–∏–Ω –ö—É—Ä–∏—Ü–∞. –ù–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –º—ã —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, –∫–∞–∫–∏–µ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã –≤–µ–≥–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–∏–∞–Ω—Å–∫–∏–µ.

–ú—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å " –ú—è—Å–æ " –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –ö—É—Ä–∏—Ü–∞ –∏ –í–µ–≥–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–∏–∞–Ω—Å–∫–∏–π, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã –Ω–µ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –ö—É—Ä–∏—Ü–∞.

–≠—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç:

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ–º –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥–µ–∫—Å. –°–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –º—ã –æ–±—ä—è–≤–ª—è–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü –ø–æ–¥ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º pizzas. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –ª–∏ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã Chicken –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–µ—Ç.

–ï—Å–ª–∏ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç Chicken, –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ú—è—Å–æ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–æ –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ is_veggie. –í –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ Vegetarian.

–ö–∞–∫ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ is_veggie - Meat , –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ –ø–∏—Ü—Ü—ã –µ–º—É —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ Chicken. –ù–æ –Ω–∞—à–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ - Vegetarian, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–µ –µ–º—É –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ pizzas - Margherita, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –Ω–µ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç Chicken .

–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ

–°–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–≤–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –Ω–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–µ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞. –ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–Ω—ã–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –∫–æ–ø–∏—é —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∏–ª–∏ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –æ—Ç—Ñ–∏–ª—å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏–∑ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞.

–í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ —Å–æ —Å—Å—ã–ª–∫–æ–π –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä—ã –æ–±—Å—É–∂–¥–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤—ã —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ Python –∏ —Ç–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–∏–∫—É –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ –¥–ª—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è –Ω–æ–≤—ã—Ö —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤.

–•–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —É–∑–Ω–∞—Ç—å –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –æ –∫–æ–¥–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏ –Ω–∞ Python? –û–∑–Ω–∞–∫–æ–º—å—Ç–µ—Å—å —Å –Ω–∞—à–∏–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º –ø–æ –∏–∑—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—é Python . –≠—Ç–æ —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã—Ö —Ä–µ—Å—É—Ä—Å–æ–≤, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥—É—Ç –≤–∞–º –ø—Ä–æ–¥–æ–ª–∂–∏—Ç—å –ø—É—Ç—å –∫ –æ—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω–∏—é Python.