Итератор Python: руководство

Функции и методы Python

–ù–∞—á–Ω–µ–º —Å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞ Cakes, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –Ω–∞—à–∏–º –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–æ–º –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞:

–ú—ã –æ–±—ä—è–≤–∏–ª–∏ __init__, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω, –∫–∞–∫ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω —ç–∫–∑–µ–º–ø–ª—è—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞. –ú–µ—Ç–æ–¥ __init__ –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫–æ–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–µ –Ω–∞—à –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ __init__ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –≤–æ–∑—å–º–∏—Ç–µ –æ–¥–Ω–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ: –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ.

–ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–æ–∫–æ–ª –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞:

–ú–µ—Ç–æ–¥ __iter__ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–ª—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞—à –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç-–∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä. __next __ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–º –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤ —É–∫–∞–∑–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–º –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ–º –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–µ. & nbsp;

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ —É–±–µ–¥–∏–º—Å—è, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –ø–æ–∫–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç. –ú—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞–µ–º —ç—Ç–æ, –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–∏–≤ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∞ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º:

–ü–æ–∫–∞ –≤—Å–µ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–æ! –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–¥—É–º–∞—Ç—å: –ø–æ—á–µ–º—É —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –∫–æ–¥ –Ω–∏—á–µ–≥–æ –Ω–µ –¥–µ–ª–∞–µ—Ç? –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—à –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞.

–ù–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–±—Ä–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—å, —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –ª–∏ –æ–Ω. –ú—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é —Ü–∏–∫–ª–∞ for-in:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç:

–ü—Ä–æ–∫–ª—è—Ç–∏–µ –≤–∞–Ω–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–π –≥—É–±–∫–∏! –û–Ω –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–æ–ª–∂–∞–µ—Ç –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Å–æ–ª—å. –ß—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç? –ú—ã —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —á—Ç–æ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–ª–∏ –Ω–∞—à –ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã–π –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä. –≠—Ç–æ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ, –Ω–æ —ç—Ç–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç.

–¢–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≤ —Å –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º —Ü–∏–∫–ª–æ–≤ for-in –≤ Python

–ü—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ —á–µ–º –º—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞–µ–º –Ω–∞—à –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω—ã–º, –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—å—Ç–µ –Ω–∞–º –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å –∫–æ–Ω—Ü–µ–ø—Ü–∏—é —Ü–∏–∫–ª for-in. –í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–µ–º –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–µ –º—ã –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞–ª–∏ —Ü–∏–∫–ª for-in –¥–ª—è —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞:

–ü—Ä–∏–Ω—Ü–∏–ø —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã —Ü–∏–∫–ª–∞ for-in –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ—Ç –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥–∞ __iter __ (). –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º —Ü–∏–∫–ª for-in –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç __next __ () –¥–æ —Ç–µ—Ö –ø–æ—Ä, –ø–æ–∫–∞ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–µ–Ω–æ.

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–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–∞—Ç—Ä–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ü–∏–∫–ª for-in –∫–∞–∫ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ–π —Ü–∏–∫–ª while. –•–æ—Ç—è –µ—Å—Ç—å –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞—Ç—å –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä, —Ü–∏–∫–ª for-in –≤–µ—Ä–Ω–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è. & nbsp;

–°–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞

–ù–∞—à –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–µ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–µ–Ω. –û–Ω —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –æ–¥–Ω–æ –∏ —Ç–æ –∂–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Å–Ω–æ–≤–∞ –∏ —Å–Ω–æ–≤–∞. –° —É—á–µ—Ç–æ–º —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ, —ç—Ç–æ –ø–æ-–ø—Ä–µ–∂–Ω–µ–º—É –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä: –æ–Ω —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω —á–∏—Ç–∞—Ç—å –≤—Å–µ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç—ã –≤ –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∏—Ä—É–µ–º–æ–º –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–µ.

–ú—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏—é –ø–æ –ú–∞—Å—Å–∏–≤ Python . –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –º–∞—Å—Å–∏–≤ —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Ç–æ—Ä—Ç–æ–≤.

–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –Ω–∞—à –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–µ –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—è–ª—Å—è –±–µ—Å–∫–æ–Ω–µ—á–Ω–æ, –º—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è –æ—Ç—Å–ª–µ–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å, —Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤–Ω—É—Ç—Ä–∏ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ–≥–æ , –∏ —Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Ä–∞–∑ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–ª—Å—è –Ω–∞—à –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª–∏—Ç –Ω–∞–º –æ—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –æ–Ω –ø—Ä–æ–π–¥–µ—Ç –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏—é –ø–æ –≤—Å–µ–º —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞–º –≤ –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–∏.

–û—Ç–∫—Ä–æ–π—Ç–µ –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª Python –∏ –≤—Å—Ç–∞–≤—å—Ç–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –∫–æ–¥:

–≠—Ç–æ—Ç –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–µ–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å–ª–æ–∂–Ω–µ–µ, —á–µ–º –Ω–∞—à –ø—Ä–µ–¥—ã–¥—É—â–∏–π. –í–æ—Ç –ø–æ—á–µ–º—É –º—ã —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–ª–∏ –±–µ—Å–∫–æ–Ω–µ—á–Ω—ã–π –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–µ –º—ã –∏–Ω–∏—Ü–∏–∞–ª–∏–∑–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Ç—Ä–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è:

"–ö–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—è –∫–∞—Ä–º–∞ –≤–æ—à–ª–∞ –≤ –º–æ—é –∂–∏–∑–Ω—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —è –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ –≤ –Ω–µ–π –Ω—É–∂–¥–∞–ª–∞—Å—å, –∏ –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–ª–∞ –º–Ω–µ –ø—Ä–æ–π—Ç–∏ –∫—É—Ä—Å –æ–±—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ß–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –¥–≤–∞ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –æ–∫–æ–Ω—á–∞–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±—ã —è –Ω–∞—à–µ–ª —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –º–µ—á—Ç—ã. —ç—Ç–æ —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –º–æ–∏–º —Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º –∏ —Ü–µ–ª—è–º –≤ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏! "

–í–µ–Ω–µ—Ä–∞, –∏–Ω–∂–µ–Ω–µ—Ä-–ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç Rockbot

–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º __next __ (), –º—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏–ª–∏ –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ " if " –∑–∞—è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ . –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä—è–µ—Ç, –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ –ª–∏ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å–∫–æ–≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ (count), —á–µ–º –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤, –ø–æ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–∞ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å—Å—è –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏—è (max).

–ï—Å–ª–∏ " count " –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ, —á–µ–º " max & rdquo ;, –Ω–∞—à –∏—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞–π–¥–µ—Ç —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤ –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—è–µ–º–æ–º –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–µ. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –æ–Ω –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç 1 –∫ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º—É " count " –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –º—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –æ—Ç—Å–ª–µ–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å, —Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–æ–≤ –æ—Å—Ç–∞–ª–æ—Å—å –¥–ª—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–±–æ—Ä–∞. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ–º –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ –Ω–∞–º–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ.