Полное руководство по типам данных Python
__del__ |
array Python module |
Arrays |
ast Python module |
code Python module |
COM PHP module |
decimal Python module |
Ev PHP module |
FFI PHP module |
http Python module |
imp Python module |
io Python module |
numbers Python module |
operator Python module |
os Python module |
Python functions |
re Python module |
sep |
square |
StackOverflow |
string Python module |
Strings PHP module |
time Python module |
trace Python module |
traceback Python module |
types Python module |
UI PHP module
Michael Zippo
27.11.2021
–¢–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤ Python - —ç—Ç–æ —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã–µ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç—ã, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö Python —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ. –ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ —Ç–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö Python - —ç—Ç–æ –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏, —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π, —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏. –ö–∞–∂–¥—ã–π —Ç–∏–ø –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Å–≤–æ–∏ —Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–∞, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç –∏ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã–µ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ.
–¢–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ç–∏–ø–∞ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏ –∏ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—é—Ç —á–∏—Å–ª–∞, —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏. –ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ç–∏–ø–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–∞–∂–Ω–æ, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –∫–∞–∂–¥—ã–π —Ç–∏–ø –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Å–≤–æ–∏ —Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–∞ –∏ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–∏. –¢–∞–∫–∏–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω—ã–π —Ç–∏–ø –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –≤—ã –Ω–µ —Å–º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ —Å–æ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–æ–π.
Python –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç —Ä—è–¥ –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Ç–∏–ø–æ–≤ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ –º—ã —Å–æ–±–∏—Ä–∞–µ–º—Å—è –∏–∑—É—á–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã–µ —Ç–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤ Python.
–í–∞–∂–Ω–æ –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–∞ —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å—è –Ω–µ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –∏—Å—á–µ—Ä–ø—ã–≤–∞—é—â–∏–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º –ø–æ —ç—Ç–∏–º —Ç–∏–ø–∞–º –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö & mdash; –∫–∞–∂–¥—ã–π –∏–∑ –Ω–∏—Ö –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–π & mdash ; –Ω–æ –∫ –∫–æ–Ω—Ü—É —á—Ç–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –±—ã—Ç—å –≤–æ–æ—Ä—É–∂–µ–Ω—ã –∑–Ω–∞–Ω–∏—è–º–∏, –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º—ã–º–∏ –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã —Å —Ç–∏–ø–∞–º–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö Python.
–°—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏
–°—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—Ç —Å–æ–±–æ–π –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –∏–∑ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–∏—Ö —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤ –∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—Ç—å –±—É–∫–≤—ã, —Ü–∏—Ñ—Ä—ã, —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª—ã –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–±–µ–ª—ã. –°—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –≤ Python –æ–±—ä—è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ –æ–¥–∏–Ω–∞—Ä–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–∞–≤—ã—á–∫–∞—Ö (" ") –∏–ª–∏ –¥–≤–æ–π–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–∞–≤—ã—á–∫–∞—Ö (" ") –∏ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∏ –∑–∞–∫–∞–Ω—á–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∫–∞–≤—ã—á–∫–∞–º–∏ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏ —Ç–æ–≥–æ –∂–µ —Ç–∏–ø–∞.
–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –≤ Python:
–ö–∞–∫ –∏ –ª—é–±–æ–π —Ç–∏–ø –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ Python –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω—ã –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω–æ, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –¥–ª—è –±—É–¥—É—â–µ–≥–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ. –í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π Python, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—â–µ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫—É:
–°—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤—ã—Ö –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π –≤ Python. –°—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–æ–≤—ã–π —Ç–∏–ø –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Ä—è–¥ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–π, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞—à–∏–º —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–º, —Ç–∞–∫–∏—Ö –∫–∞–∫ –∫–æ–Ω–∫–∞—Ç–µ–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏ –æ–±—ä–µ–¥–∏–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫.
81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ—É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è. –ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.
–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—É—é –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—É, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.
Python –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç –¥–≤–∞ —Ç–∏–ø–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –¥–ª—è –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —á–∏—Å–µ–ª: —Ü–µ–ª—ã—Ö —á–∏—Å–µ–ª –∏ —á–∏—Å–µ–ª —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π. –¶–µ–ª—ã–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ - —ç—Ç–æ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ Python –±–µ–∑ –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö –∑–Ω–∞–∫–æ–≤, —Ç–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∫–∞–∫ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π - —ç—Ç–æ –∫–æ–º–ø–ª–µ–∫—Å–Ω—ã–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω—ã–º–∏ –∑–Ω–∞–∫–∞–º–∏.
–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –≤–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ –≤ Python, –æ–Ω–æ –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–∞–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –µ–º—É –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω—ã–π —Ç–∏–ø –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö.
–¶–µ–ª—ã–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞
–¶–µ–ª—ã–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ - —ç—Ç–æ —Ü–µ–ª—ã–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–∏—Ç—å –ª—é–±–æ–µ –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–µ –∏–ª–∏ –æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ü–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ. –¶–µ–ª—ã–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç—Å—è int –≤ Python, –∏ –Ω–µ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞–π—Ç–µ –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç—ã–µ –≤ –±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞.
–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Ü–µ–ª–æ–≥–æ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ –≤ Python:
–ù–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 5.
–ö—Ä–æ–º–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ —Å —Ü–µ–ª—ã–º–∏ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞–º–∏. –ù–∏–∂–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –±–∞–∑–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Å–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤ Python:
–ù–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 20.
–ß–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π –∏–ª–∏ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–º–∏ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞–º–∏. –≠—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ –∏ –¥—Ä–æ–±–Ω—ã–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –≤ –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∏–µ –æ—Ç —Ü–µ–ª—ã—Ö —á–∏—Å–µ–ª. –ü—Ä–æ—â–µ –≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä—è, —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å —Ç—ã sed –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è —á–∏—Å–µ–ª, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—â–∏—Ö –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ —Ç–æ—á–∫–∏.
–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ —Å –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–µ–π –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç–æ–π –≤ Python:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 2.5.
–ü–æ–¥–æ–±–Ω–æ —Ü–µ–ª—ã–º —á–∏—Å–ª–∞–º, –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏ —Å –Ω–∞—à–∏–º–∏ —Ü–µ–ª—ã–º–∏ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞–º–∏. –ò—Ç–∞–∫, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –¥–≤–∞ –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö —á–∏—Å–ª–∞, –º—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –∫–æ–¥:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: 33.1.
Boolean
–õ–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –∏–º–µ—é—Ç –æ–¥–Ω–æ –∏–∑ –¥–≤—É—Ö –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π. –¢–∏–ø—É –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö Boolean –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–∏—Ç—å –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ True –∏–ª–∏ False, –∏ –æ–Ω–∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Å–∏—Ç—É–∞—Ü–∏—è—Ö, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —á—Ç–æ-—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –∏–º–µ—Ç—å —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–¥–Ω–æ –∏–∑ –¥–≤—É—Ö —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–π.
–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤ Python:
–û–±—Ä–∞—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –≤–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—à–µ –ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ True –ø–∏—à–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å –∑–∞–≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω–æ–π –±—É–∫–≤—ã. –≠—Ç–æ —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–æ —Å —Ç–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ True –∏ False —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–º–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏ –≤ Python, –∏ –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –≤—Å—è–∫–∏–π —Ä–∞–∑, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –∏—Ö –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç–µ, –≤—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∑–∞–≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω—ã–µ –±—É–∫–≤—ã.
–õ–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤–∞–∂–Ω—ã, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è—é—Ç –Ω–∞–º –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å, –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ª–∏ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏–µ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞. –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –≤—ã —É—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π —Ö–æ—á–µ—Ç –≤—ã—è—Å–Ω–∏—Ç—å, –∫—Ç–æ –∏–∑ –¥–≤—É—Ö —É—á–µ–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏–ª —Å–∞–º—É—é –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫—É—é –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∫—É. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –¥–ª—è –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—è:
–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç: False.
–ö–∞–∫ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ —Å—Ä–∞–≤–Ω–∏–ª–∞ –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∫–∏ –ê–ª–µ–∫—Å–∞ –∏ –°–æ—Ñ–∏. –ù–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä—è–ª–∞, –±—ã–ª–∞ –ª–∏ –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∫–∞ –ê–ª–µ–∫—Å–∞ –≤—ã—à–µ, —á–µ–º –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∫–∞ –°–æ—Ñ–∏, –∏, –ø–æ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫—É –°–æ—Ñ–∏ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏–ª–∞ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏–µ –±–∞–ª–ª—ã –≤ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–µ, –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–µ—Ä–Ω—É–ª False.
"–ö–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—è –∫–∞—Ä–º–∞ –≤–æ—à–ª–∞ –≤ –º–æ—é –∂–∏–∑–Ω—å. –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –º–Ω–µ —ç—Ç–æ –±—ã–ª–æ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ, –∏ —è –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ –ø–æ–º–æ–≥ –º–Ω–µ –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –±—É—Ç–∫–µ–º–ø. –ß–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –¥–≤–∞ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–∞ —è –Ω–∞—à–µ–ª —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –º–µ—á—Ç—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∞ –º–æ–∏–º —Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º –∏ —Ü–µ–ª—è–º –≤ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏! "
–í–µ–Ω–µ—Ä–∞, –∏–Ω–∂–µ–Ω–µ—Ä-–ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç Rockbot
–õ–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—Ö, —Å—Ä–∞–≤–Ω–∏–≤–∞—é—â–∏—Ö –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —É–∑–Ω–∞—Ç—å, —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ª–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ, –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –∏–ª–∏ —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–æ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–º—É –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—é, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å –æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç –≤ –≤–∏–¥–µ –ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ —Ç–∏–ø–∞.
–°–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—Ç —Å–æ–±–æ–π —É–ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ –∏–ª–∏ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤. –°–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å—Å—è , —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω—ã. –í Python —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä–∞ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π, —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç—ã–º–∏, –≤ –∫–≤–∞–¥—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∏.
–°–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å –ª—é–±–æ–π —Ç–∏–ø –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. –ò—Ç–∞–∫, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏—Ö –∏–ª–∏ –ø–ª–∞–≤–∞—é—â–∏—Ö –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π, –º—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ, –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∏–≤ –µ–≥–æ –≤ –∫–≤–∞–¥—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∏. –í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Ü–µ–ª—ã—Ö —á–∏—Å–µ–ª: < / p>
–°–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω—ã–º —Ç–∏–ø–æ–º –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è—é—Ç —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å s —Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π –≤ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–π –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π. –¢–∞–∫–∏–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º, –≤–∞–º –Ω–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –æ–±—ä—è–≤–ª—è—Ç—å –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã—Ö –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π. –ö—Ä–æ–º–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω—ã, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –º–∞–Ω–∏–ø—É–ª–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —ç—Ç–æ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å.
–ö–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏ - —ç—Ç–æ —É–ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ . –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ, –≤ –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∏–µ –æ—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤, –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏ –Ω–µ–∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è–µ–º—ã, –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –≤—ã –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–µ –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∞. –ö–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏ –æ–±—ä—è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π, —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∑–∞–ø—è—Ç—ã–º–∏, –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤ –∫—Ä—É–≥–ª—ã–µ —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∏ (()).
–≠–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω—ã –∏–ª–∏ —É–¥–∞–ª–µ–Ω—ã –∏–∑ –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∞, –Ω–æ —Ç–æ—á–Ω—ã–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—â–∏–µ—Å—è –≤ –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–µ, –Ω–µ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω—ã. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Ç–∏–ø –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–µ–Ω, –µ—Å–ª–∏ —É –≤–∞—Å –µ—Å—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å, –Ω–æ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤—ã –Ω–µ —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å –ø–æ–∑–∂–µ.
–°–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏ Python - —ç—Ç–æ –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –Ω–µ—É–ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è–µ–º—ã—Ö —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤. –≠—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –¥–ª—è —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ –Ω–µ—Ç –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–∫–∞, –∏ —É –Ω–∏—Ö –µ—Å—Ç—å —Å–≤–æ–∏ —Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞ (–∏–ª–∏ –∫–ª—é—á–∏), –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è —Å—Å—ã–ª–∫–∏ –Ω–∞ –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã. –ö—Ä–æ–º–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–µ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—è –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å.
–°–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏ –æ–±—ä—è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π, –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤ —Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∏ ({}).
