Коллекции Python: пошаговое руководство

Python –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ —Ç–∏–ø–∞ —Å–±–æ—Ä–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö: —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏, –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏, –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä—ã –∏ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏. –ú–æ–¥—É–ª—å Python –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–π –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ –ø–∞—Ä–∞–º–µ—Ç—Ä—ã, –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—è namedtuple , Counter , defaultdict –∏ ChainMap .

Python –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–∞–≥–∞–µ—Ç —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ —Ç–∏–ø–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–π: —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏, –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏, –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä—ã –∏ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏. –ö–∞–∂–¥—ã–π –∏–∑ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —Ç–∏–ø–æ–≤ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–µ–Ω –≤ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–∏—Ç—É–∞—Ü–∏—è—Ö. & Nbsp;

–ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –ø–æ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫—É —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∏—Ö –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–Ω–æ –º–µ–Ω—è—é—â–µ–≥–æ—Å—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∏–º–µ–Ω —É—á–∞—â–∏—Ö—Å—è. –ò–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, —á—Ç–æ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –≤–∫—É—Å–æ–≤ –º–æ—Ä–æ–∂–µ–Ω–æ–≥–æ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –Ω–∏–∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è. –ö–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–º–æ–µ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–æ, –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥—è—â–∏–º.

–ß–∞—Å—Ç–æ, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ –≤ Python, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –æ–±–Ω–∞—Ä—É–∂–∏—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–∏ —Ç–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–∞–≥–∞—é—Ç –≤—Å–µ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤—ã –∏—â–µ—Ç–µ. –ö —Å—á–∞—Å—Ç—å—é, –µ—Å—Ç—å –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å Python, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞ –∫ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–≤–∏–Ω—É—Ç—ã–º —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è–º, —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–º —Å –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏—è–º–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö: –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–π Python.

–ú–æ–¥—É–ª—å –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–π Python –±—ã–ª —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω –¥–ª—è —É–ª—É—á—à–µ–Ω–∏—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –ø–∞—Ä–∞–º–µ—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ —Å–±–æ—Ä–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. –∏ –¥–∞—Ç—å —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏–∫–∞–º –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –≥–∏–±–∫–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–µ —Å–æ —Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç—É—Ä–∞–º–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ –º—ã —Ä–∞–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ–º –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤—ã –º–æ–¥—É–ª—è –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–π Python –∏ —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏–º —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ –Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã–µ —Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç—É—Ä—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–∑ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—è.

–û–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–π

–ö–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–∏ - —ç—Ç–æ —Ç–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–æ–Ω—Ç–µ–π–Ω–µ—Ä–∞ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. –ö–∞–∫ –æ–±—Å—É–∂–¥–∞–ª–æ—Å—å —Ä–∞–Ω–µ–µ, –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏, –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä—ã, –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏ –∏ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏. –ö–∞–∂–¥—ã–π –∏–∑ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —Ç–∏–ø–æ–≤ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Å–≤–æ–∏ —Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Ö–∞—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–µ—Ä–∏—Å—Ç–∏–∫–∏.

–°–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏

—Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ - —ç—Ç–æ —É–ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è–µ–º—ã–µ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ. —Ç–∏–ø, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å—Å—è —Å–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–µ–º. –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è—Ç—å, —É–¥–∞–ª—è—Ç—å –∏ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª—è—Ç—å —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–µ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞. –°–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—è—é—â–∏–µ—Å—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–º–µ—Ä–∞ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–æ–≤ –¥–ª—è —Å—Å—ã–ª–∫–∏ –Ω–∞ –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ.

–ù–∏–∂–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –æ–±—ä—è–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –≤ Python:

81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ —á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—Ç —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤—ã —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ—É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –±—É—Ç–∫–µ–º–ø–∞. –ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.

–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –≤ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–µ –ø–æ –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä–Ω–æ–π –ª–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–∏—Ü–µ, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.

–ö–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏ - —ç—Ç–æ —É–ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∏ –Ω–µ–∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è–µ–º—ã–µ —Ç–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. –•–æ—Ç—è –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—è—é—â–∏–µ—Å—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∏—Ö –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–µ–ª—å–∑—è –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å. –ö–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∏ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω—ã –≤ —Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∏. & Nbsp;

–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–∞ Python:

–ù–∞–±–æ—Ä—ã

–ù–∞–±–æ—Ä—ã –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—Ç —Å–æ–±–æ–π –Ω–µ—É–ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∏. –û–Ω–∏ –æ–±—ä—è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ –∫–≤–∞–¥—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–∫–æ–±–∫–∞—Ö. –í –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∏–µ –æ—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤, –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä—ã –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ—é—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–π –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞ –∏ –Ω–µ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—è—é—â–∏–µ—Å—è –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–∏. & Nbsp;

–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä–∞ Python:

–°–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏

–°–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏ - —ç—Ç–æ –Ω–µ—É–ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è–µ–º—ã–µ —Ç–∏–ø—ã –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å. –£ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–≥–æ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ –µ—Å—Ç—å –∫–ª—é—á –∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ. & Nbsp;

–í–æ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–∏ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—è Python:

–≠—Ç–∏ —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ —Ç–∏–ø–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —à–∏—Ä–æ–∫–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ Python. . –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Å–ª–æ–∂–Ω—ã–µ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—è —Å —Ç–∏–ø–∞–º–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–æ–Ω—Ç–µ–π–Ω–µ—Ä–∞ Python, —Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç —Ä–∞—Å—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–π Python.

–ú–æ–¥—É–ª—å –∫–æ–ª–ª–µ–∫—Ü–∏–π Python —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç —Ä—è–¥ —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª–∏–∑–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç—É—Ä –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –≤ –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∫ & mdash; –∏–ª–∏ –≤ –∫–∞—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ –∞–ª—å—Ç–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ç–∏–≤—ã –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º –∫–æ–Ω—Ç–µ–π–Ω–µ—Ä–∞–º & mdash; Python. –ü–æ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫—É collections - —ç—Ç–æ –º–æ–¥—É–ª—å, –º—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ –≤ –Ω–∞—à—É –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É. –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ –æ–Ω –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–Ω –≤ Python, –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –Ω–∞–º –Ω–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –∏–º–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –≤—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ –±–∏–±–ª–∏–æ—Ç–µ–∫–∏.