Утверждения Python: пошаговое руководство

Функции и методы Python

–í—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è —ç–∫–æ–Ω–æ–º–Ω–æ –∏ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –≤–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –æ—Ç–ª–∞–¥–∫–∏. –≠—Ç–æ –≤–∞–∂–Ω–æ –ø–æ –¥–≤—É–º –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞–º. & nbsp;

81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω—ã –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏—è—Ö. –ü–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤—ã —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ—É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è. –ü–æ–ø–∞–¥–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ–≥–æ —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.

–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ —Å–º–µ–Ω—É –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—ã, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.

–í–æ-–ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã—Ö, —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–∞—é—Ç —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏–∫–∞–º –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω—É –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∏ –¥–æ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –æ–Ω–∞ –ø–æ–≤–ª–∏—è–µ—Ç –Ω–∞ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π –∫–æ–¥. –£—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–µ –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –∫–∞–∫–∏—Ö-–ª–∏–±–æ –æ—à–∏–±–æ–∫ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–µ. –†–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏–∫ –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç—å —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–µ–º –∫–æ–¥–µ.

–í–æ-–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö, –ò–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–ø—Ä–µ—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—Ä Python –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–∞—Ç—å —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π . –ü–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–Ω—É—Ç—å —Ä—è–¥ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ª–∞–≥–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –Ω–∞ —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è. –≤ –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–π —Å—Ç–µ–ø–µ–Ω–∏ –¥–ª—è –æ–±—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∏ –æ—à–∏–±–æ–∫, –∏ –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç ssertions.

–í—ã –Ω–∏–∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–µ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–ª—è –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∫–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–Ω–µ —Å—Ä–µ–¥—ã —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∏. –≠—Ç–æ —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–æ —Å —Ç–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –ø–æ–≤–ª–∏—è—Ç—å –Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É –≤–∞—à–µ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –ø–æ–ª–∞–≥–∞–µ—Ç–µ—Å—å –Ω–∞ —É—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∞ –æ–Ω–∏ –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω—ã, –≤–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≤—ã–µ –æ—à–∏–±–∫–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –≤—ã –Ω–µ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–µ—Ç–µ.

–£—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è Python

–û–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä assert –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä—è–µ—Ç, —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ª–∏ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏–µ –∏—Å—Ç–∏–Ω–Ω—ã–º. –ï—Å–ª–∏ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏–µ –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ True, –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–æ–ª–∂–∏—Ç —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É. –ï—Å–ª–∏ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏–µ –ª–æ–∂–Ω–æ, –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –≤–µ—Ä–Ω–µ—Ç AssertionError. –ù–∞ —ç—Ç–æ–º —ç—Ç–∞–ø–µ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–µ—Ç –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å—Å—è.

–í Python assert —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫–ª—é—á–µ–≤—ã–º —Å–ª–æ–≤–æ–º. –≠—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –≤—ã —É–≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, —á—Ç–æ –∫–ª—é—á–µ–≤–æ–µ —Å–ª–æ–≤–æ assert –≤—ã–¥–µ–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ—Å–æ–±—ã–º —Ü–≤–µ—Ç–æ–º, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –µ–≥–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç–µ. –û–Ω –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å:

–ó–¥–µ—Å—å –¥–≤–∞ –ø–∞—Ä–∞–º–µ—Ç—Ä–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ assert –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–∏–º–∞—Ç—å:

• condition : —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏–µ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—å (–æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ)
• message : —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –æ—Ç–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–∏—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ assert (–Ω–µ–æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ).

–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä Assert Python

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –≤–æ—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–æ–∏–ª–ª—é—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∫–ª—é—á–µ–≤–æ–µ —Å–ª–æ–≤–æ assert –≤ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏–∏. –î–æ–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–º, –º—ã —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–µ–º –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª—è–µ—Ç, —Å–¥–∞–ª –ª–∏ —Å—Ç—É–¥–µ–Ω—Ç –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π —Ç–µ—Å—Ç –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–µ—Ç. –û—Ü–µ–Ω–∫–∞ 52 –∏–ª–∏ –≤—ã—à–µ —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è —É—Å–ø–µ—à–Ω–æ–π, –∞ –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∫–∞ –Ω–∏–∂–µ 52 - –Ω–µ—É–¥–∞—á–µ–π.

–ú—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º —É–±–µ–¥–∏—Ç—å—Å—è, —á—Ç–æ –º—ã –≤—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏–ª–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—É, –ø—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ —á–µ–º –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è—Ç—å –∫–∞–∫–∏–µ-–ª–∏–±–æ –≤—ã—á–∏—Å–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è. –í –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –Ω–∞—à–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–æ—à–µ–ª —Ç–µ—Å—Ç, –¥–∞–∂–µ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –æ—Ç—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—Ç.