Python Добавить в словарь: руководство

Michael Zippo 27.11.2021

–°–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º —Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç—É—Ä—ã "–∫–ª—é—á-–∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ" –≤ Python.

–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Å–æ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—è–º–∏, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å–∏—Ç—å —Å–µ–±—è, –∫–∞–∫ –º–Ω–µ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å ? –≠—Ç–∞ —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å—è –æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç–∏—Ç –Ω–∞ —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –≤–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å.

–ú—ã —Ä–∞–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ–º –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤—ã —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ–π, –∫–∞–∫ –æ–Ω–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—é—Ç –∏ –∫–∞–∫ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å Python. –ö –∫–æ–Ω—Ü—É —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –≤—ã —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–µ —ç–∫—Å–ø–µ—Ä—Ç–æ–º –ø–æ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—é —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏ Python.

–°–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å Python: –¥–ª—è —Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∫–∏

–°—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç—É—Ä–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—è –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –æ—Ç–æ–±—Ä–∞–∂–∞—Ç—å –∫–ª—é—á–∏ –∫ —Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—è–º. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω–æ, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –∫–ª—é—á–∏ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—Ç –∫–∞–∫ –º–µ—Ç–∫–∞ –¥–ª—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∞ —ç—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–º—É –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—é, –≤—Å–µ, —á—Ç–æ –≤–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å, —ç—Ç–æ —É–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å –∏–º—è –∫–ª—é—á–∞ –¥–ª—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å.

–í —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—è—Ö –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –∫–∞–∫–∏–º-—Ç–æ –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–∞, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å—å –æ–± —É—á–µ–Ω–∏–∫–µ –≤ —à–∫–æ–ª–µ –∏–ª–∏ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Ü–≤–µ—Ç–æ–≤, –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∫—É–ø–∏—Ç—å –∫–æ–≤—Ä–∏–∫.

–ü—Ä–∏–º–∏—Ç–µ –≤–æ –≤–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–µ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å:

–≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ –∫–ª—é—á–∞ –∏ —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è. –ö–ª—é—á–∏ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—Ç—Å—è –≤ –≤–∏–¥–µ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∏ –∏ –æ—Ç–æ–±—Ä–∞–∂–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —Å–ª–µ–≤–∞ –æ—Ç –¥–≤–æ–µ—Ç–æ—á–∏—è; –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—Ç—Å—è —Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∞ –æ—Ç –¥–≤–æ–µ—Ç–æ—á–∏—è; –ø—Ä–∏–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω –∫ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–º—É –∫–ª—é—á—É –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ.

–¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å, –∫–∞–∫ –Ω–∞–º –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –≤ —ç—Ç–æ—Ç —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å? –î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ–º—Å—è —Å —ç—Ç–∏–º.

81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ç—Ä—É–¥–æ—É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è. –ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.

–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—É—é –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—É, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.

–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –≤ —É—á–µ–±–Ω—ã–π –∫—É—Ä—Å. –°–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å Python, –≤—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–∏—Ç—å –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–æ–≤–æ–º—É –∫–ª—é—á—É –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–∞ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–µ–º —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ.

–í –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∏–µ –æ—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ –∏ –∫–æ—Ä—Ç–µ–∂–µ–π, –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –Ω–µ—Ç add (), insert () –∏–ª–∏ append (), –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ –≤ —Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ç—É—Ä—É –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. –í–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –≤–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–Ω—ã–π –∫–ª—é—á, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—å –≤ –≤–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ.

–í–æ—Ç —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å –¥–ª—è –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å:

–î–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –≤–æ—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—Å—è –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–æ–∏–ª–ª—é—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å, –∫–∞–∫ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å. –í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ —Ä–∞–Ω–µ–µ –º—ã —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∏ —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ –∫–ª—é—á–∏ –∏ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ –æ—Ç—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω—ã —É—Ä–æ–≤–Ω–∏ –∑–∞–ø–∞—Å–æ–≤ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–∏–¥–æ–≤ –±—É–ª–æ—á–µ–∫, –ø—Ä–æ–¥–∞–≤–∞–µ–º—ã—Ö –≤ –∫–∞—Ñ–µ.

–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, –º—ã —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —á—Ç–æ –≤—ã–ø–µ–∫–ª–∏ –ø–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—é –∏–∑ 10 –Ω–æ–≤—ã—Ö –≤–∏—à–Ω–µ–≤—ã—Ö –±—É–ª–æ—á–µ–∫. –¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å –º—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏–º –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç–∏ scones –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å —Ç–∏–ø–æ–≤ scone. –î–ª—è —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –º—ã –º–æ–∂–µ–º –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –∫–æ–¥:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç:

{’Fruit’: 22,’ Pla in’: 14, ’Cinnamon’: 4,’ Cheese’: 21, ’Cherry’: 10}

–ö–∞–∫ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ, –≤ –Ω–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω —Ç–µ–≥ " Cherry " –∫–ª—é—á –∫ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º—É —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—é, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º—É –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ 10.

–í –Ω–∞—à–µ–º –∫–æ–¥–µ –º—ã —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –æ–±—ä—è–≤–∏–ª–∏ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å —Å –∏–º–µ–Ω–µ–º " scones " –≤ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç—Å—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –æ —Ç–æ–º, —Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ª–µ–ø–µ—à–µ–∫ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∑–∞–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å –≤ –∫–∞—Ñ–µ. –ó–∞—Ç–µ–º –º—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏–ª–∏ –∫–ª—é—á " Cherry " –≤ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å –∏ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–∏–ª –µ–º—É –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ 10, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–π –∫–æ–¥:

–ù–∞–∫–æ–Ω–µ—Ü, –º—ã —Ä–∞—Å–ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∞–ª–∏ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—É—é –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏—é –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—è.

–û–±—Ä–∞—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –≤–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ, —á—Ç–æ –≤ –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–µ –Ω–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞ –Ω–∞—à —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å –Ω–µ —É–ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–æ—á–µ–Ω. –≠—Ç–æ —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–æ —Å —Ç–µ–º, —á—Ç–æ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ, —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—â–∏–µ—Å—è –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ, –≤ –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∏–µ –æ—Ç –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—â–∏—Ö—Å—è –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ, –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ—é—Ç –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–∫–∞.

–°–æ–≤–µ—Ç: –ø—Ä–∏ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –∏ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–π—Ç–µ —Ç—É –∂–µ –Ω–æ—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—é

—Ç—É –∂–µ –Ω–æ—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—é –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ. –ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–∏–º, –º—ã —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —á—Ç–æ –∏—Å–ø–µ–∫–ª–∏ –Ω–æ–≤—É—é –ø–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—é –∏–∑ 10 –ª–µ–ø–µ—à–µ–∫ —Å –∫–æ—Ä–∏—Ü–µ–π. –ú—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—à —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ—Ç—Ä–∞–∑–∏—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â—É—é —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫—É –∫–æ–¥–∞:

–ù–∞—à –∫–æ–¥ –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–µ—Ç:

{’Fruit’: 22,’ Plain’: 14, ’Cinnamon’: 14,’ Cheese’: 21}

–≠—Ç–∞ —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫–∞ –∫–æ–¥–∞ —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ, —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–µ —Å –∫–ª—é—á–æ–º " Cinnamon " –≤ –Ω–∞—à–µ–º —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–µ, —Ä–∞–≤–Ω—ã–º 14.

–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ

–ù–µ—Ç add (), append () –∏–ª–∏ insert (), –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å –≤ Python. –í–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –≤—ã –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç–µ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å, –≤—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—è –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π –∏–Ω–¥–µ–∫—Å–Ω—ã–π –∫–ª—é—á –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å, –∞ –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω–∏–µ –µ–º—É –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è.

–í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Ä—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–µ —Å –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–æ–º –æ–±—Å—É–∂–¥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è, –∫–∞–∫ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä—å Python. –¢–µ–ø–µ—Ä—å –≤—ã –≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤—ã –Ω–∞—á–∞—Ç—å –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤ –≤ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∏, –∫–∞–∫ —ç–∫—Å–ø–µ—Ä—Ç –ø–æ Python!