Руководство 2020 по Python 2 и Python 3

Функции и методы Python

Michael Zippo 27.11.2021

Python 3 –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –≤–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–µ–±–æ–≤–∞–Ω –∏ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—É –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä–∞ —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–∞. Python 2 —É—Å—Ç–∞—Ä–µ–ª –∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—ã–π —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å –¥–ª—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∏. –•–æ—Ç—è Python 2 –≤—Å–µ –µ—â–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –∫–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–µ–π –≤ DevOps, Python 3 —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Ç–µ–∫—É—â–∏–º —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–æ–º.

Python (–∫–æ–¥, –∞ –Ω–µ –∑–º–µ—è) - –ø–æ–ø—É–ª—è—Ä–Ω—ã–π —è–∑—ã–∫ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥–ª—è –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—é—â–∏—Ö. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Å—Ü–µ–Ω—É –∫–æ–¥–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∏–ª–∏ –º–µ–Ω—è–µ—Ç–µ –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—É, –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ, –≤—ã —Å–ª—ã—à–∞–ª–∏ –æ Python. –ü—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç—ã —Ä–µ–∫–ª–∞–º–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç Python –∫–∞–∫ —è–∑—ã–∫ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–æ–≥–æ —É—Ä–æ–≤–Ω—è, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π " –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π, —á–µ–º –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–µ, —Ç–∞–∫–∏–µ –∫–∞–∫ Java . –ö—É—Ä—Å—ã –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏–∫–∏ –≤ —É–Ω–∏–≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏—Ç–µ—Ç–∞—Ö –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–ø–æ–¥–∞—é—Ç Python —Å—Ç—É–¥–µ–Ω—Ç–∞–º, –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–æ –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∏–∑ —Å–∞–º—ã—Ö –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—ã—Ö —è–∑—ã–∫–æ–≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥–ª—è –∏–∑—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—è .

–°–æ–æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–æ–≤ —Ü–µ–Ω—è—Ç Python –∑–∞ –µ–≥–æ —É–Ω–∏–≤–µ—Ä—Å–∞–ª—å–Ω—É—é —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å. –ù–µ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä—è –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ, —á—Ç–æ —è–∑—ã–∫ —Å –æ—Ç–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—ã–º –∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—ã–º –∫–æ–¥–æ–º –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª —Å–ª–∏—à–∫–æ–º –¥–æ–ª–≥–æ, –æ–Ω –ø—Ä–µ–≤—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª—Å—è –≤ —ç—Ñ—Ñ–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–Ω—ã–π, —á–∏—Ç–∞–µ–º—ã–π —è–∑—ã–∫, –ø—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∞–∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –¥–ª—è –æ–ø—Ç–∏–º–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å–∞ –≤–µ–±-—Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∏. –í —Ö–æ–¥–µ —ç—Ç–æ–π —ç–≤–æ–ª—é—Ü–∏–∏ Python –ø—Ä–æ—à–µ–ª —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏–π, –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—è –¥–≤–µ —Å–∞–º—ã–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏–µ, Python 2 –∏ Python 3.

–í —ç—Ç–æ–π —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å–µ –º—ã –∏—Å—Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ–º —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–∏—è –º–µ–∂–¥—É Python 2 –∏ Python 3. –ú—ã —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç–∏–º –≤–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å –æ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ –≤–∞–º —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å, Python 2 –∏–ª–∏ 3.

–ò—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—è Python

–î–æ –µ–≥–æ –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–∞ –≤ 1991 –≥–æ–¥—É –≥–æ–ª–ª–∞–Ω–¥—Å–∫–∏–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç –ì–≤–∏–¥–æ –≤–∞–Ω –†–æ—Å—Å—É–º —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–ª –Ω–∞–¥ Python —Å –∫–æ–Ω—Ü–∞ 1980-—Ö –≥–æ–¥–æ–≤. –û–Ω —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–ª Python –∏–∑ —Ä–∞–Ω–µ–µ –Ω–µ—É–¥–∞—á–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã –ø–æ–¥ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º —è–∑—ã–∫ ABA, —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π Centrum Wiskunde & amp; –ò—Å—Å–ª–µ–¥–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å—Å–∫–∏–π –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—É—Ç Informatica (CWI) –≤ –ù–∏–¥–µ—Ä–ª–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ö.

–†–æ—Å—Å—É–º –ø—Ä–µ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–≤–∞–ª –∫–æ–¥ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ–π –∏–Ω–Ω–æ–≤–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π —è–∑—ã–∫, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–µ–ª —Ä–µ–≤–æ–ª—é—Ü–∏—é –≤ –º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–æ–º —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–æ–≤. –û–Ω –∑–∞–¥—É–º—ã–≤–∞–ª—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ —è–∑—ã–∫ —Å—Ü–µ–Ω–∞—Ä–∏–µ–≤ –¥–ª—è Amoeba, —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–π –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º–æ–π CWI. & Nbsp;

–ü–æ –º–µ—Ä–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ Python —Ä–æ—Å —Å –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–∞–º–∏ –∏ —É–ª—É—á—à–∞–ª—Å—è –≤ –µ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ—Ç–µ –∏ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –∑–∞ —Å—á–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ–∫ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–æ–≤, –æ–Ω —Å—Ç–∞–ª —Å—Ç–∞–ª –æ–¥–Ω–∏–º –∏–∑ –Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã—Ö –∏ –∏–∑—É—á–∞–µ–º—ã—Ö —è–∑—ã–∫–æ–≤ —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è. –≠—Ç–æ –ø–æ–≤–ª–∏—è–ª–æ –Ω–∞ —Ä–æ–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ Perl –∏ Ruby, –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏—Ö –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Å–ª–æ–∂–Ω—ã—Ö —è–∑—ã–∫–æ–≤.

–°–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è –∫–æ–º–ø–∞–Ω–∏–∏, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—â–∏–µ Python, –≤—ã—Ä–æ—Å–ª–∏ –∏ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—é—Ç —Ç–∞–∫–∏–µ –∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–µ –∏–º–µ–Ω–∞, –∫–∞–∫ Netflix, Uber, Spotify, Reddit, Instagram –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–µ. –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–≤–æ–µ–≥–æ –≤–Ω—É—Ç—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω–µ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞ –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∫–∏ Python.

81% —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∑–∞—è–≤–∏–ª–∏, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ—á—É–≤—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ–±—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –ø–µ—Ä—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–∞—Ö —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –≤ —Å—Ñ–µ—Ä–µ —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫—É—Ä—Å–∞. –ü—Ä–æ–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ –∫—É—Ä—Å –æ–±—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–µ–≥–æ–¥–Ω—è.

–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –≤—ã–ø—É—Å–∫–Ω–∏–∫ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–ª –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ —à–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤ –Ω–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—É—é –∫–∞—Ä—å–µ—Ä—É, –æ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ —É—á–µ–±–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ª–∞–≥–µ—Ä—è –¥–æ –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –ø–µ—Ä–≤–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã.

Python - —Ç–∞–∫–æ–π —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π —è–∑—ã–∫. –ø–æ —É–≤–∞–∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–µ. –†–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∞ –∫–æ–¥–∞ —Å –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å—é Python –¥–∞–µ—Ç –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –ø—Ä–µ–∏–º—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤ –ø–æ —Å—Ä–∞–≤–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—é —Å –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º–∏ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—ã–º–∏ —è–∑—ã–∫–∞–º–∏, —Ç–∞–∫–∏–º–∏ –∫–∞–∫ C –∏–ª–∏ C++. Python —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–Ω–æ-–æ—Ä–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–º (–û–û–ü), –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –æ—Ä–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω –Ω–∞ –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–∏–Ω–∞–º–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏—Ö –≤–µ–±-—Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º. Object- –û—Ä–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–µ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Ñ–æ–∫—É—Å–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç–∞—Ö –∏–ª–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–æ–¥–∞, –∞ –Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ–¥—É—Ä–µ. & Nbsp;

–ß—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–æ –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –≥–∏–±–∫–æ—Å—Ç—å & mdash; –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∏ —Ç–æ—Ç –∂–µ –±–∞–∑–æ–≤—ã–π –∫–æ–¥ –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã—Ö –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π –∏ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª—è—Ç—å –∏–ª–∏ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç—ã –ø–æ –º–µ—Ä–µ –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç–∏. & nbsp;

–ï—â–µ –æ–¥–Ω–∞ –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å Python - –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–µ —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø–∞–º—è—Ç—å—é . –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è –∏–ª–∏ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –Ω–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è , –≤–∞–º –Ω–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —É–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç—å. Python –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ –æ—Ç—Å–ª–µ–∂–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ç–æ –∏ –≤—ã–±—Ä–∞—Å—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–µ–∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã–µ –æ–±—ä–µ–∫—Ç—ã, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ. & nbsp;

–ë–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—è —Å–≤–æ–µ–π –æ–±—à–∏—Ä–Ω–æ–π –±–∏–±–ª–∏–æ—Ç–µ–∫–µ –æ–Ω –¥–∞–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–∞–º –±–µ–∑–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –¥–ª—è –∫–æ–¥–∞ –∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏, –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–∏–≤–∞—é—â–∏–µ —ç—Ñ—Ñ–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –ø—Ä–∏ –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–∏–∏ –∫–æ–¥–∞, –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –Ω–∞ Python. –ù–µ—Ç –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –ø–∏—Å–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π –∏–ª–∏ –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –∫–æ–¥, –ø–æ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫—É –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∞ –≤–µ—Ä–æ—è—Ç–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å —Ç–æ–≥–æ, —á—Ç–æ –≤—ã –Ω–∞–π–¥–µ—Ç–µ —Ç–æ, —á—Ç–æ –∏—â–µ—Ç–µ –≤ —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–Ω–æ–π –±–∏–±–ª–∏–æ—Ç–µ–∫–µ Python. –°—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—Ç –º–æ–¥—É–ª–∏ –¥–ª—è –≤–µ–±-—Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∏, —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π , –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–æ–∫–æ–ª –∏–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä—Ñ–µ–π—Å–∞ –∏ —Ç. –¥.

Python –∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–µ–Ω —Å–≤–æ–µ–π —É–¥–æ–±–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞–µ–º–æ—Å—Ç—å—é. –ü—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ–π —è–∑—ã–∫ –∏–¥–µ–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –¥–ª—è –Ω–æ–≤–∏—á–∫–æ–≤ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å —Ç—Ä—É–¥–Ω–æ –∑–∞–ø–æ–º–Ω–∏—Ç—å –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å—ã –∏ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–π. & Nbsp; –ë–∞–∑–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å Python, —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è—â–∏–π –∏–∑ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—ã—Ö –∞–Ω–≥–ª–∏–π—Å–∫–∏—Ö —Å–ª–æ–≤ –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ —Å–ª–æ–∂–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∂–∞—Ä–≥–æ–Ω–∞, –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—é—â–∏–º –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–∞–º –∞–¥–∞–ø—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∫ –º–∏—Ä—É –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è.

–ë—É–¥—É—á–∏ —è–∑—ã–∫–æ–º —Å –æ—Ç–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—ã–º –∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—ã–º –∫–æ–¥–æ–º, Python –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–µ–Ω –∏ –±–µ—Å–ø–ª–∞—Ç–µ–Ω –¥–ª—è –≤—Å–µ—Ö. –ò–∑-–∑–∞ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–µ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç—ã –ø–æ–º–æ–≥–∞–ª–∏ –µ–≥–æ –æ—Ç–ª–∞–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å –∏ —É–ª—É—á—à–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—Ç—è–∂–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –º–Ω–æ–≥–∏—Ö –ª–µ—Ç. –≠—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç —á—Ä–µ–∑–≤—ã—á–∞–π–Ω–æ –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞—é—â–µ–µ —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –æ–±—à–∏—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –±–∏–±–ª–∏–æ—Ç–µ–∫–∏: –≤ —Ü–µ–ª–æ–º, –∏–∑–æ–±–∏–ª–∏–µ —Ä–µ—Å—É—Ä—Å–æ–≤. & Nbsp;

Python —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–æ–π –¥–ª—è —Ç–∞–∫–∏—Ö —Ñ—Ä–µ–π–º–≤–æ—Ä–∫–æ–≤, –∫–∞–∫ Django –∏ Pyramid, –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–∏–≤–∞—é—â–∏–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ—Ç—É –∏ —É–¥–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏–∫–æ–≤ Python. –§—Ä–µ–π–º–≤–æ—Ä–∫–∏ Python - —ç—Ç–æ —Ñ–∞–Ω—Ç–∞—Å—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–ª—è –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π –ø—Ä–∏ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –≤—ã—Å–æ–∫–∏—Ö —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–æ–≤.

Python 2.0 –≤–ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã–µ –ø–æ—è–≤–∏–ª—Å—è –≤ 2000 –≥–æ–¥—É –∏ –±—ã–ª —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω –∫–æ–º–∞–Ω–¥–æ–π BeOpen Python Labs. –î–æ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è –∫–æ–º–∞–Ω–¥—ã –†–æ—Å—Å—É–º –æ—Ç–≤–µ—á–∞–ª –∑–∞ –±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–π —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–π –∏ –æ—Ç–ª–∞–¥–∫—É Python, –Ω–æ –æ–Ω —Ö–æ—Ç–µ–ª, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —Ä–æ–ª—å Python –±—ã–ª–∞ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –≤—Å–µ–æ–±—ä–µ–º–ª—é—â–µ–π –∏ –∫–ª—é—á–µ–≤–æ–π –≤ —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–∏ " –≥—Ä–∞–º–æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –≤ –∫–æ–¥–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏ "

Python & rsquo. –í—Å—è —Ü–µ–ª—å –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∞–ª–∞—Å—å –≤ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –±—ã—Ç—å –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—ã–º –≤ –æ–±—É—á–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –¥–ª—è –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ–≥–æ —á–µ–ª–æ–≤–µ–∫–∞. –ò–º–µ—è —ç—Ç–æ –≤ –≤–∏–¥—É, –∫–æ–º–∞–Ω–¥–∞ Python Labs –≤—ã–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏–ª–∞ Python 2.X —Å –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –æ—Ç–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ –¥–ª—è —É–ª—É—á—à–µ–Ω–∏–π —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞, –∞ –Ω–µ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –ø–æ–¥ —é—Ä–∏—Å–¥–∏–∫—Ü–∏–µ–π –†–æ—Å—Å—É–º–∞. –ü–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–µ–π –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏–µ–π Python 2 –±—ã–ª Python 2.7, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –±—ã–ª —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏–º. 2020 –≥–æ–¥ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏–º –≤ –Ω–∞—Å–ª–µ–¥–∏–∏ Python 2.

Python 3. –ò—Å—Ç–æ–∫–∏

Python 3.0 –±—ã–ª –≤—ã–ø—É—â–µ–Ω –≤ 2008 –≥–æ–¥—É, –Ω–æ —ç—Ç–æ –Ω–µ –±—ã–ª–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ –µ—â–µ –æ–¥–Ω–∞ –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏—è Python 2. –∫–æ–¥ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –æ—Ç–ª–∞–¥–∫–∏. –°–∫–æ—Ä–µ–µ, –æ–Ω –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏–ª —è–∑—ã–∫ –Ω–∞ —è–∑—ã–∫ —Å –ø—Ä—è–º–æ–π —Å–æ–≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç—å—é, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –Ω–æ–≤—ã–µ –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏–∏, —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–µ –∑–∞ –Ω–∏–º. & Nbsp;

–¶–µ–ª—å—é —Å–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å–∞ Python 3 –±—ã–ª–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Ç–≤—Ä–∞—â–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏–∑–±—ã—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏–ª–∏ –ø–æ–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—è—é—â–µ–≥–æ—Å—è –∫–æ–¥–∞ & mdash; –∫–æ–¥–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –ø–æ —Å—É—Ç–∏ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω—è–µ—Ç –æ–¥–Ω–∏ –∏ —Ç–µ –∂–µ –∑–∞–¥–∞—á–∏ –ø–æ-—Ä–∞–∑–Ω–æ–º—É. Python 3.X —Å—Ç—Ä–µ–º–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–∏—Ç—å —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∏ –ø–æ–Ω—è—Ç–Ω—ã–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∑–∞–¥–∞—á. –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞—é—â–∏–º –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–∞–º, —ç—Ç–æ —Å—Ä–∞–∑—É –æ—Ç–±—Ä–∞—Å—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º—ã, –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞—é—â–∏–µ –ø—Ä–∏ –∏–∑—É—á–µ–Ω–∏–∏ —è–∑—ã–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è. & nbsp;

Python 2 –∏ Python 3: —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–∏—è

Python 3 - —ç—Ç–æ –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ–ø–∞—Ä–∞–¥–∏–≥–º–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–π —è–∑—ã–∫, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∫–ª–∞—Å—Å–∏—Ñ–∏–∫–∞—Ü–∏–π –¥–ª—è —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö —Ü–µ–ª–µ–π. –ë–ª–∞–≥–æ–¥–∞—Ä—è —Å–≤–æ–µ–π —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ Python 3 –∏–¥–µ–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –¥–ª—è —à–∏—Ä–æ–∫–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∞ –≤–µ—â–µ–π, —Ç–∞–∫–∏—Ö –∫–∞–∫ –≤–µ–±-—Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∞, –Ω–∞—É–∫–∞ –æ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏ –∞–Ω–∞–ª–∏—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ —Å—Ü–µ–Ω–∞—Ä–∏–∏. –ò–º–µ—è " –æ–¥–∏–Ω —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —á—Ç–æ-—Ç–æ " –∞—Å–ø–µ–∫—Ç, –±–µ–∑–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤—è—Ç—Å—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —É–∑–∫–∏–º–∏ –∏ —É–ø—Ä–æ—â–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –¥–ª—è –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–æ–≤.

–ü–æ–ª–Ω–∞—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∞ Python 2 –Ω–µ –±—ã–ª–∞ –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–π –∏–∑-–∑–∞ –ø–ª–æ—Ö–æ–≥–æ —è–∑—ã–∫–∞. –¶–µ–ª—å—é –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–∞ –Ω–∞ Python 3 –±—ã–ª–æ –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Ç–∏–ø–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏–∏, —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–±–æ—Ä –ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–ª–∏ —Ö–∞—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–µ—Ä–∏—Å—Ç–∏–∫ –¥–ª—è " type " –∏–º—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ. Python 2 - –Ω–µ—Ç–∏–ø–∏–∑–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π —è–∑—ã–∫, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –ø—Ä–µ–ø—è—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—é –Ω–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–¥–∞. Python 3 —É–ø—Ä–æ—â–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∏ –ø–æ–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∫–æ–¥–∞, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –ø–æ–≤—ã—à–∞–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å —Å—Ä–µ–¥—ã –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∫–æ–¥–∞.

Python 2 –∏ Python 3 –∏–º–µ—é—Ç –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –∫–ª—é—á–µ–≤—ã—Ö –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∏–π. –°–∏–Ω—Ç–∞–∫—Å–∏—Å —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–º, –∫–∞–∫ –∏ –≤ —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ —Å —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–µ–π –ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∏. –†–∞—Å–ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–∞–π—Ç–µ " hello " –≤ Python 2 —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è print (" hello ") –≤ Python 3. –•–æ—Ç—è –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –∫—Ä—É–≥–ª—ã—Ö —Å–∫–æ–±–æ–∫ –Ω–µ –∫–∞–∂–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å–ª–∏—à–∫–æ–º –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–º, –≤ —ç—Ç–æ–º –∫–æ–Ω—Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–µ –æ–Ω–æ –º–µ–Ω—è–µ—Ç print —Å –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—é. Python 3 –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —á–µ—Ç–∫–∏–µ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–µ –∫–æ–º–∞–Ω–¥—ã, —É–∂–µ –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –≤ –∫–æ–¥, —á—Ç–æ –¥–µ–ª–∞–µ—Ç –µ–≥–æ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —É–¥–æ–±–Ω—ã–º –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è.

–ï—â–µ –æ–¥–Ω–æ –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∏–µ - —ç—Ç–æ —Ç–∏–ø —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤—ã—Ö —Å—Ç—Ä–æ–∫ –ø–æ —É–º–æ–ª—á–∞–Ω–∏—é. Python 2 –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç ASCII - –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ –∫–æ–¥–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∞–Ω–≥–ª–∏–π—Å–∫–∏—Ö —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤ —Å –ø—Ä–∏—Å–≤–æ–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º —á–∏—Å–ª–æ–º. –ë—É–¥—É—á–∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–º, ASCII –æ—Å—Ç–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è 7-–±–∏—Ç–Ω—ã–º, —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω –Ω–µ –æ—Ö–≤–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —à–∏—Ä–æ–∫–∏–π –¥–∏–∞–ø–∞–∑–æ–Ω —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤. –° –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π —Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–Ω—ã, Python 3 –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç Unicode, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–∏—á–Ω—ã–º UTF-8 (—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–µ–æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è Unicode & ndash; 8-–±–∏—Ç–Ω—ã–π). –≠—Ç–æ –¥–∞–µ—Ç –µ–º—É –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—Ç—å –∏–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —è–∑—ã–∫–∏ –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–µ —à–∏—Ä–æ–∫–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã–µ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª—ã –∏ —Å–º–∞–π–ª–∏–∫–∏. & Nbsp;

–ß—Ç–æ –∫–∞—Å–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –±–∏–±–ª–∏–æ—Ç–µ–∫, Python 2 –Ω–µ —Å–æ–≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏–º —Å –ø—Ä–æ–¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –≤–ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥, –∫–∞–∫ Python 3. –≠—Ç–∞ –Ω–µ—Å–æ–≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç—å –Ω–µ —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ø—Ä–µ–ø—è—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—é Python 2 –¥–ª—è –Ω–æ–≤—ã—Ö –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏–π, –Ω–æ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ —É—Å–ª–æ–∂–Ω—è–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å –ø–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∞ –±–∏–±–ª–∏–æ—Ç–µ–∫ Python 2 –Ω–∞ Python 3. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å —Å Python, –æ–± —ç—Ç–æ–º –ø–æ–∫–∞ –Ω–µ —Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –±–µ—Å–ø–æ–∫–æ–∏—Ç—å—Å—è. –ü–æ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–æ –¥–ª—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –ø—Ä–æ–¥–≤–∏–Ω—É—Ç—ã—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–æ–≤. –ë–∏–±–ª–∏–æ—Ç–µ–∫–∏ Python 3 –æ–±—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω–æ –Ω–µ—Å–æ–≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏–º—ã, –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É —è–∑—ã–∫ –æ—Ä–∏–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω –Ω–∞ –±—É–¥—É—â–∏–µ —É–ª—É—á—à–µ–Ω–∏—è. –° —ç—Ç–∏–º –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –µ—Å—Ç—å —Å–º—ã—Å–ª, —á—Ç–æ Python 2 –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –Ω–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∫ 2020 –≥–æ–¥—É. & Nbsp;

–ü–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏–π –∫–æ–Ω—Ç—Ä–∞—Å—Ç - –≤ –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å–µ –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —á–∏—Å–µ–ª. –†–∞–Ω—å—à–µ Python 2 –æ–∫—Ä—É–≥–ª—è–ª –¥–æ –±–ª–∏–∂–∞–π—à–µ–≥–æ —Ü–µ–ª–æ–≥–æ —á–∏—Å–ª–∞ –ø—Ä–∏ —Ü–µ–ª–æ—á–∏—Å–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–º –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ (5, –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ –Ω–∞ 2, –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–ª–æ 2), –∞ Python 3 –¥–∞–≤–∞–ª–æ —Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–µ —á–∏—Å–ª–æ (5, –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ –Ω–∞ 2, –≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—â–∞–ª–æ 2,5). –¶–µ–ª–æ—á–∏—Å–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ –¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤ Python 3 —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Ç–æ—á–Ω—ã–º, —á—Ç–æ –¥–∞–µ—Ç –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–µ–º—ã–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∞ –Ω–µ –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∫–∏. –≠—Ç–∞ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏—è –∏—Å–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç —Ä—É—á–Ω—ã–µ –¥–æ–≥–∞–¥–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∏—Å—Ç–∞ –ø—Ä–∏ –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –º–∞—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏—Ö —Ä–∞—Å—á–µ—Ç–æ–≤ —Å –∫–æ–¥–æ–º.