ML | Binning or Discretization

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There are three data smoothing methods:

1. Binning. Binning methods smooth the sorted data values ‚Äã‚Äãby referring to their "neighborhood", that is, the values ‚Äã‚Äãaround them.
2. Regression: matches function data values. Linear regression involves finding the "best‚" line to match two attributes (or variables) so that one attribute can be used to predict the other.
3. Analyzing outliers : outliers can be detected by clustering, for example when similar values ‚Äã‚Äãare organized into groups or "clusters". Intuitively, values ‚Äã‚Äãthat fall outside the cluster set can be considered outliers.

Binning method for data smoothing —
Here we are dealing with Binning’s method for data smoothing. In this method, the data is first sorted and then the sorted values ‚Äã‚Äãare spread across multiple segments or cells . Since binning methods refer to a neighborhood of values, they perform local smoothing.

There are basically two types of binning —

1. Binning is the same width (or distance). The simplest approach is to divide the variable range into k intervals of equal width. Spacing width — it’s just the range [A, B] of the variable divided by k,

    w = (BA) / k 

   Thus, the interval of the i- ^th interval will be [A + (i-1) w, A + iw] where i = 1, 2, 3‚Ķ ..k
   Skewed data cannot be handled well with this method.

2. Binning of equal depth (or frequency): In binning of equal frequency, we divide the range [A, B] of a variable into intervals that contain (approximately) equal points; equal frequency may not be possible due to duplicate values.

How to smooth the data?

There are three approaches to performing smoothing:

1. Bin smoothing mean s: when bin smoothing, each value in the bin is replaced by the bin’s mean .
2. Bin-mean -median-mode-in-python-without-libraries/">median smoothing: in this method each bin value is replaced by its bin mean -median-mode-in-python-without-libraries/">median value.
3. Bin Smoothing: When bin boundary smoothing, the minimum and maximum values ‚Äã‚Äãin a given bin are defined as bin boundaries. Each bin value is then replaced with the closest cutoff value.

Sorted data by price (in dollars): 2, 6, 7, 9, 13, 20, 21, 25, 30

 Partition using equal frequency approach: Bin 1: 2, 6, 7 Bin 2: 9, 13, 20 Bin 3: 21, 24, 30 Smoothing by bin  mean : Bin 1: 5, 5, 5 Bin 2: 14 , 14, 14 Bin 3: 25, 25, 25 Smoothing by bin mean -median-mode-in-python-without-libraries/">median: Bin 1: 6, 6, 6 Bin 2: 13, 13, 13 Bin 3: 24, 24, 24 Smoothing by bin boundary: Bin 1: 2 , 7, 7 Bin 2: 9, 9, 20 Bin 3: 21, 21, 30 

Binning can also be used as a sampling method ... Here discretization refers to the process of transforming or breaking down continuous attributes, features, or variables into discrete or nominal attributes / features / variables / intervals.
For example, attribute values ‚Äã‚Äãcan be sampled by applying equal width or equal frequency binning and then replacing each bin value with the mean or mean -median-mode-in-python-without-libraries/">median bin, as in antialiasing by mean bin value or smoothing by bin mean -median-mode-in-python-without-libraries/">medians, respectively. Continuous values ‚Äã‚Äãcan then be converted to a nominal or sampled value that matches the corresponding bin value.

Below is the Python implementation:

bin_ mean

bin_mean -median-mode-in-python-without-libraries/">median

bin_boundary

import numpy as np from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression from sklearn import linear_model # import statsmodels.api as sm import statistics import math from collections import OrderedDict x = [] print ( "enter the data" ) x = list ( map ( float , input (). split ())) print ( " enter the number of bins " ) bi = int ( input ()) # X_dict will store data in sorted order X_dict = OrderedDict () # x_old will store the original data x_old = {} # x_new will store data after binning x_new = {} for i in range ( len ( x)): X_dict [i] = x [i] x_old [i] = x [i] x_dict = sorted (X_dict.items (), key = lambda x: x [ 1 ] ) # list of lists (bins) binn = [] # variable to find the average of each bin avrg = [] i = 0 k = 0 num_of_data_in_each_bin = int (math.ceil ( len (x) / bi)) for g, h in X_dict.items (): if (i & lt; num_of_data_in_each_bin) : avrg.append (h) i = i + 1 elif (i = = num_of_data_in_each_bin): k = k + 1 i = 0 code class = "undefined spaces"> x_old [i] = x [i] x_dict = sorted (X_dict.items (), key = lambda x: x [ 1 ]) laptop for engineering students? ML | Binning or Discretization __del__: Questions __del__ How can I make a time delay in Python? 5 answers I would like to know how to put a time delay in a Python script. 2973 Answer #1 import time time.sleep(5) # Delays for 5 seconds. You can also use a float value. Here is another example where something is run approximately once a minute: import time while True: print("This prints once a minute.") time.sleep(60) # Delay for 1 minute (60 seconds). 2973 Answer #2 You can use the sleep() function in the time module. It can take a float argument for sub-second resolution. from time import sleep sleep(0.1) # Time in seconds ML | Binning or Discretization __del__: Questions __del__ How to delete a file or folder in Python? 5 answers How do I delete a file or folder in Python? 2639 Answer #1 os.remove() removes a file. os.rmdir() removes an empty directory. shutil.rmtree() deletes a directory and all its contents. Path objects from the Python 3.4+ pathlib module also expose these instance methods: pathlib.Path.unlink() removes a file or symbolic link. pathlib.Path.rmdir() removes an empty directory. We hope this article has helped you to resolve the problem. Apart from ML | Binning or Discretization, check other __del__-related topics. Want to excel in Python? See our review of the best Python online courses 2023. If you are interested in Data Science, check also how to learn programming in R. By the way, this material is also available in other languages: Italiano ML | Binning or Discretization Deutsch ML | Binning or Discretization Français ML | Binning or Discretization Español ML | Binning or Discretization Türk ML | Binning or Discretization Русский ML | Binning or Discretization Português ML | Binning or Discretization Polski ML | Binning or Discretization Nederlandse ML | Binning or Discretization 中文 ML | Binning or Discretization 한국어 ML | Binning or Discretization 日本語 ML | Binning or Discretization हिन्दी ML | Binning or Discretization Angelo Porretti Munchen | 2023-03-25 Maybe there are another answers? What ML | Binning or Discretization exactly means?. Will use it in my bachelor thesis Manuel OConnell Tallinn | 2023-03-25 Maybe there are another answers? What ML | Binning or Discretization exactly means?. I am just not quite sure it is the best method Angelo Lehnman Massachussetts | 2023-03-25 Simply put and clear. Thank you for sharing. 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