Convert Pandas Column to DateTime

It is strange how much beauty varies for different people. I find the list comprehension much clearer than filter+lambda, but use whichever you find easier.

There are two things that may slow down your use of filter.

The first is the function call overhead: as soon as you use a Python function (whether created by def or lambda) it is likely that filter will be slower than the list comprehension. It almost certainly is not enough to matter, and you shouldn"t think much about performance until you"ve timed your code and found it to be a bottleneck, but the difference will be there.

The other overhead that might apply is that the lambda is being forced to access a scoped variable (value). That is slower than accessing a local variable and in Python 2.x the list comprehension only accesses local variables. If you are using Python 3.x the list comprehension runs in a separate function so it will also be accessing value through a closure and this difference won"t apply.

The other option to consider is to use a generator instead of a list comprehension:

def filterbyvalue(seq, value):
   for el in seq:
       if el.attribute==value: yield el

Then in your main code (which is where readability really matters) you"ve replaced both list comprehension and filter with a hopefully meaningful function name.

This is a somewhat religious issue in Python. Even though Guido considered removing map, filter and reduce from Python 3, there was enough of a backlash that in the end only reduce was moved from built-ins to functools.reduce.

Personally I find list comprehensions easier to read. It is more explicit what is happening from the expression [i for i in list if i.attribute == value] as all the behaviour is on the surface not inside the filter function.

I would not worry too much about the performance difference between the two approaches as it is marginal. I would really only optimise this if it proved to be the bottleneck in your application which is unlikely.

Also since the BDFL wanted filter gone from the language then surely that automatically makes list comprehensions more Pythonic ;-)

You can use Q objects for this. They can be negated with the ~ operator and combined much like normal Python expressions:

from myapp.models import Entry
from django.db.models import Q

Entry.objects.filter(~Q(id=3))

will return all entries except the one(s) with 3 as their ID:

[<Entry: Entry object>, <Entry: Entry object>, <Entry: Entry object>, ...]

Locale unaware

"{:,}".format(value)  # For Python ‚â•2.7
f"{value:,}"  # For Python ‚â•3.6

Locale aware

import locale
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")  # Use "" for auto, or force e.g. to "en_US.UTF-8"

"{:n}".format(value)  # For Python ‚â•2.7
f"{value:n}"  # For Python ‚â•3.6

Reference

Per Format Specification Mini-Language,

The "," option signals the use of a comma for a thousands separator. For a locale aware separator, use the "n" integer presentation type instead.

I got this to work:

>>> import locale
>>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
"en_US"
>>> locale.format("%d", 1255000, grouping=True)
"1,255,000"

Sure, you don"t need internationalization support, but it"s clear, concise, and uses a built-in library.

P.S. That "%d" is the usual %-style formatter. You can have only one formatter, but it can be whatever you need in terms of field width and precision settings.

P.P.S. If you can"t get locale to work, I"d suggest a modified version of Mark"s answer:

def intWithCommas(x):
    if type(x) not in [type(0), type(0L)]:
        raise TypeError("Parameter must be an integer.")
    if x < 0:
        return "-" + intWithCommas(-x)
    result = ""
    while x >= 1000:
        x, r = divmod(x, 1000)
        result = ",%03d%s" % (r, result)
    return "%d%s" % (x, result)

Recursion is useful for the negative case, but one recursion per comma seems a bit excessive to me.

my_list = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
my_string = ",".join(my_list)

"a,b,c,d"

This won"t work if the list contains integers

And if the list contains non-string types (such as integers, floats, bools, None) then do:

my_string = ",".join(map(str, my_list))