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I want to fire off a function every 0.5 seconds and be able to start and stop and reset the timer. I"m not too knowledgeable of how Python threads work and am having difficulties with the python timer.
However, I keep getting RuntimeError: threads can only be started once when I execute threading.timer.start() twice. Is there a work around for this? I tried applying threading.timer.cancel() before each start.
Pseudo code:
t=threading.timer(0.5,function)
while True:
t.cancel()
t.start()
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Python threading.timer - repeat function every "n" seconds around: Questions
Removing white space around a saved image in matplotlib
2 answers
I need to take an image and save it after some process. The figure looks fine when I display it, but after saving the figure, I got some white space around the saved image. I have tried the "tight" option for savefig method, did not work either. The code:
import matplotlib.image as mpimg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure(1)
img = mpimg.imread(path)
plt.imshow(img)
ax=fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
extent = ax.get_window_extent().transformed(fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted())
plt.savefig("1.png", bbox_inches=extent)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
I am trying to draw a basic graph by using NetworkX on a figure and save it. I realized that without a graph it works, but when added a graph I get white space around the saved image;
import matplotlib.image as mpimg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import networkx as nx
G = nx.Graph()
G.add_node(1)
G.add_node(2)
G.add_node(3)
G.add_edge(1,3)
G.add_edge(1,2)
pos = {1:[100,120], 2:[200,300], 3:[50,75]}
fig = plt.figure(1)
img = mpimg.imread("image.jpg")
plt.imshow(img)
ax=fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
nx.draw(G, pos=pos)
extent = ax.get_window_extent().transformed(fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted())
plt.savefig("1.png", bbox_inches = extent)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
Answer #1
You can remove the white space padding by setting bbox_inches="tight" in savefig:
plt.savefig("test.png",bbox_inches="tight")
You"ll have to put the argument to bbox_inches as a string, perhaps this is why it didn"t work earlier for you.
Possible duplicates:
Matplotlib plots: removing axis, legends and white spaces
Answer #2
I cannot claim I know exactly why or how my “solution” works, but this is what I had to do when I wanted to plot the outline of a couple of aerofoil sections — without white margins — to a PDF file. (Note that I used matplotlib inside an IPython notebook, with the -pylab flag.)
plt.gca().set_axis_off()
plt.subplots_adjust(top = 1, bottom = 0, right = 1, left = 0,
hspace = 0, wspace = 0)
plt.margins(0,0)
plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_locator(plt.NullLocator())
plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_locator(plt.NullLocator())
plt.savefig("filename.pdf", bbox_inches = "tight",
pad_inches = 0)
I have tried to deactivate different parts of this, but this always lead to a white margin somewhere. You may even have modify this to keep fat lines near the limits of the figure from being shaved by the lack of margins.
Create list of single item repeated N times
5 answers
I want to create a series of lists, all of varying lengths. Each list will contain the same element e, repeated n times (where n = length of the list).
How do I create the lists, without using a list comprehension [e for number in xrange(n)] for each list?
Answer #1
You can also write:
[e] * n
You should note that if e is for example an empty list you get a list with n references to the same list, not n independent empty lists.
Performance testing
At first glance it seems that repeat is the fastest way to create a list with n identical elements:
>>> timeit.timeit("itertools.repeat(0, 10)", "import itertools", number = 1000000)
0.37095273281943264
>>> timeit.timeit("[0] * 10", "import itertools", number = 1000000)
0.5577236771712819
But wait - it"s not a fair test...
>>> itertools.repeat(0, 10)
repeat(0, 10) # Not a list!!!
The function itertools.repeat doesn"t actually create the list, it just creates an object that can be used to create a list if you wish! Let"s try that again, but converting to a list:
>>> timeit.timeit("list(itertools.repeat(0, 10))", "import itertools", number = 1000000)
1.7508119747063233
So if you want a list, use [e] * n. If you want to generate the elements lazily, use repeat.
What is the best way to repeatedly execute a function every x seconds?
5 answers
I want to repeatedly execute a function in Python every 60 seconds forever (just like an NSTimer in Objective C). This code will run as a daemon and is effectively like calling the python script every minute using a cron, but without requiring that to be set up by the user.
In this question about a cron implemented in Python, the solution appears to effectively just sleep() for x seconds. I don"t need such advanced functionality so perhaps something like this would work
while True:
# Code executed here
time.sleep(60)
Are there any foreseeable problems with this code?
Answer #1
If your program doesn"t have a event loop already, use the sched module, which implements a general purpose event scheduler.
import sched, time
s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
def do_something(sc):
print("Doing stuff...")
# do your stuff
s.enter(60, 1, do_something, (sc,))
s.enter(60, 1, do_something, (s,))
s.run()
If you"re already using an event loop library like asyncio, trio, tkinter, PyQt5, gobject, kivy, and many others - just schedule the task using your existing event loop library"s methods, instead.
Answer #2
Lock your time loop to the system clock like this:
import time
starttime = time.time()
while True:
print "tick"
time.sleep(60.0 - ((time.time() - starttime) % 60.0))
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Prague | 2022-11-28
Maybe there are another answers? What Python threading.timer – repeat function every “n” seconds exactly means?. Will get back tomorrow with feedback
Boston | 2022-11-28
I was preparing for my coding interview, thanks for clarifying this - Python threading.timer – repeat function every “n” seconds in Python is not the simplest one. I just hope that will not emerge anymore
Paris | 2022-11-28
I was preparing for my coding interview, thanks for clarifying this - Python threading.timer – repeat function every “n” seconds in Python is not the simplest one. Will use it in my bachelor thesis
